Water and climate change in Maghreb : which strategy of adaptation ? Maghrebian countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) are under Mediterranean climate influence only in a restricted coastal plain. Population growth, rapid urbanisation and economic development increase needs of water supply while the resource is rare. In the new context of global warming, Maghrebian countries aspire to protect their water resources and to provide a sustainable answer to water supply and management issues. Water strategy constitutes an efficient tool for achieving water sector development objectives: thus, the modernization of the water sector will facilitate water resources management efforts and reduce water vulnerability in the region.