Les phlébotomes impliqués dans la transmission des leishmanioses dans l’ile de Gozo (Malte)

Léger, N.; Marchais, R.; Madulo-Leblond, G.; Pesson, B.; Kristensen, A.; Ferté, Hubert; Killick‐Kendrick, R.; Killick‐Kendrick, M.

doi:10.1051/parasite/199166133

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“… b HK = hexokinase, GPI = glucose phosphate isomerase and PGM = phosphoglucomutase; P = probability of χ 2 value occurring by chance, when testing for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations of genotype frequencies. c Some data from Léger et al . (1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandflies of thePhlebotomus perniciosuscomplex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species ofP. longicuspisin the Moroccan Rif

Pesson

Ready

Benabdennbi

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

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106

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Abstract. The bloodsucking adult females of Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead and P. longicuspis Nitzulescu (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important vectors of the protozoan Leishmania infantum Nicolle (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in western Mediterranean countries. The species status of the two phlebotomine sandflies was assessed, along with the epidemiological implications. Individual sandflies from three Moroccan Rif populations were characterized morphologically, isoenzymatically (by the isoelectrofocusing of alleles at the polymorphic enzyme loci of HK, GPI and PGM), and by comparative DNA sequence analysis of a fragment of mitochondrial Cytochrome b (mtDNA). By reference to the character profiles of specimens from other locations, including southern Spain and the type-locality countries, the Moroccan flies were placed in three lineages: first, the lineage of P. perniciosus, which contained two mtDNA sublineages, one (pnt) widely distributed and associated with the morphology of the male types from Malta, and the other (pna) associated with a P. longicuspis-like male morphology; second, the lineage of P. longicuspis sensu stricto, including typical forms from Tunisia; and third, a new sibling species of P. longicuspis. The mtDNA sublineage (pnt) of typical P. perniciosus was also found in some P. longicuspis from Morocco, indicating interspecific hybridization. The typical race of P. perniciosus occurs in Italy as well as in Malta, Tunisia and Morocco. It is replaced in southern Spain by the Iberian race (with the pni mtDNA sublineage). The discovery of interspecific gene introgression and a new sibling species mean that previous records of the two morphospecies do not necessarily reflect their true vectorial roles or geographical and ecological distributions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandflies of thePhlebotomus perniciosuscomplex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species ofP. longicuspisin the Moroccan Rif

Pesson

Ready

Benabdennbi

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

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106

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“…Ideally, we would use equation (27) of HDC, which reasonably assumes that the ratio of type-A:type-B dogs among new-borns is constant, but we have no detailed information about the in which s* u denotes the proportion of all dogs (assumed to be type-A) which are susceptible. Dissecting adult female sandflies over two seasons, Leger et al (1991) found only 9/2720 infected i.e. s*, = 0-997 ~ 1.…”

Section: Estimates Of R Omentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the island of Gozo, Malta

et al. 1992

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Assessment of the resilience of canine leishmaniasis to control or, more ambitiously, the effort needed to eradicate infection, requires an estimate of the basic case reproduction number (R0). This paper applies the theoretical results of Hasibeder, Dye & Carpenter (1992) to data from a cross-sectional survey on the Maltese island of Gozo in which dogs of known age, sex and occupation (pet, guard etc) were subjected to three different serological tests for the presence of specific antibody (IFAT, DAT and ELISA). Difficulties in interpreting these test results, and hence of determining the proportion of dogs infected, present the main obstacle to estimating R0: estimates are critically dependent on the choice of threshold separating seropositives from seronegatives. The data do, however, allow a robust comparative analysis of risk which shows that the force of infection experienced by working dogs is about three times higher than that of pet dogs, a degree of non-homogeneous contact which actually has little effect on estimates of R0. We suggest a cautious point estimate of R0 congruent to 11, and comment briefly on its significance for leishmaniasis control.

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“…Malta is visited by an average of 1.2 million tourists per year, most of whom come from northern European countries, namely UK and Germany 6 . Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases in Malta are caused by a single species, Leishmania infantum , which is transmitted from dogs to humans by one local species of sand fly, Phlebotomus perniciosus 7 . The few studies performed in Malta have not identified any other Leishmania species in humans who acquired cutaneous disease in Malta, or in sand flies, dogs or rats 8,9 and because of limited resources species identification from clinical specimens is not carried out as yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestations of paediatric Leishmania infantum infections in Malta

Pace

Williams

Grochowska

et al. 2011

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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SummaryLeishmania infantum is endemic in the Maltese archipelago, a group of islands in the Mediterranean which are visited frequently by tourists from Northern European countries. The burden of leishmaniasis is highest in children who may present with cutaneous or visceral manifestations. We describe systematically the manifestations, diagnosis and management of leishmaniasis in children <14 years of age, who had a histopathological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Malta, from 2004 to 2008. Eleven children were diagnosed with leishmaniasis; 8 children (15–44 months of age) had visceral disease and three (aged 9–13 years) suffered cutaneous infections. Prolonged high grade fever, pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia were common presenting features of visceralisation. Diagnosis was based on the visualisation of amastigotes from bone marrow aspirates. Pentavalent antimonials were associated with treatment failure in two children, whilst liposomal amphotericin B was curative in all. Children with cutaneous leishmaniasis had dry crusted ulcero-nodular lesions on exposed areas which responded to intra-lesional instillation of sodium stibogluconate or to cryotherapy. Leishmaniasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever and hepatosplenomegaly or chronic cutaneous lesions in children who travel to Malta.

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Les phlébotomes impliqués dans la transmission des leishmanioses dans l’ile de Gozo (Malte)

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Sandflies of thePhlebotomus perniciosuscomplex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species ofP. longicuspisin the Moroccan Rif

Sandflies of thePhlebotomus perniciosuscomplex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species ofP. longicuspisin the Moroccan Rif

Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the island of Gozo, Malta

Manifestations of paediatric Leishmania infantum infections in Malta

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