ABSTRACT. Two samples of ammonoids belonging to the Oppeliidae, Sublunuloceras virguloides and Hecticoceras (Brightii) canaliculatum, are analyzed to estimate the intraspeci®c variability of embryonic shell features. The study of embryonic shell characters reveals two main shapes of protoconch,¯attened and round. Prosiphons may be straight or slightly curved. New parameters for area are added to the linear parameters commonly found in the literature. Prosiphon length and caecum area vary greatly whereas protoconch and ammonitella diameter vary only slightly, and the ammonitella angle is almost constant. The protoconch-to-ammonitella size ratio behaves differently in each species, suggesting different patterns of embryonic growth. We compare our results with published data and discuss their signi®cance for species determination and ontogenetic interpretation. The main ®nding is that intraspeci®c embryonic variation is greater than was previously believed.KEY WORDS: ammonoid, embryonic shell, intraspeci®c variation, Callovian, Hecticoceratinae.M A N Y palaeontologists have investigated the ontogenetic development of ammonites through the microstructure of the shell and the morphology of the early whorls (e.g. Druschits and Khiami 1970;Kulicki 1974;Dauphin 1978; Tanabe et al. 1979; Landman 1987). The embryonic shell (or ammonitella) consists of a spheroidal or ellipsoidal initial chamber (or protoconch), followed by a planispiral whorl (Text-®g. 1). At approximately one whorl, a characteristic constriction of the tube (primary constriction) and associated thickening of the shell outer wall (primary varix) mark the end of the ammonitella phase. The siphuncle originates as a bulbous cñcum attached to the inner wall of the protoconch by prosiphonal sheets (prosiphon).Earlier investigations (Birkelund and Hansen 1968; Druschits and Khiami 1970;Kulicki 1974Kulicki , 1979 Druschits et al. 1977;Bandel and Boletzky 1979;Tanabe et al. 1980;Druschits and Doguzhaeva 1981;Bandel et al. 1982;Landman 1982;Tanabe 1989) and analogy with recent cephalopods (Boletzky 1974) support the hypothesis that ammonoids developed directly without a larval stage. Most workers divide ammonite development into embryonic (secretion of the ammonitella) and post-embryonic (secretion of the remaining shell) stages. The transition point between the two stages is marked by sudden changes in surface ornament, the appearance of a nacreous layer, and acceleration of growth (e.g. Erben et al.