Les nouvelles technologies au service des personnes âgées : entre promesses et interrogations – Une revue de questions

Abstract

To cite this version:Marc-Eric Bobillier-Chaumon, Raluca Oprea Ciobanu. Les RésuméSur la base d'une revue de questions, cet article propose une discussion sur les enjeux psycho-sociaux liés à l'usage des nouvelles technologies pour les personnes âgées. Il en ressort que si ces dispositifs disposent d'atouts indéniables qui peuvent contribuer à améliorer le confort et à la qualité de vie des personnes âgées, il n'en demeure pas moins que le développement rapide de ces technologies suscitent également une série d'interrogations relatives au maintien de l'intégrité psychique et social de ces usagers. Ces systèmes peuvent ainsi semer les germes d'une nouvelle forme de dépendance (à l'aide technique) et accentuer -paradoxalement-leur stigmatisation par la construction d'un nouveau profil : "la personne âgée assistée techniquement". Mots-clés : Personnes âgées, Assistants techniques, Dépendance, Compensation, AbstractBased on a literature review, this article proposes to discuss the psychosocial stakes dependent for the use of new technologies for the elderly. This reveals that if these devices have undeniable assets which can contribute to improve comfort and with the quality of life of the elders, he does not remain about it less than the fast development of these technologies also cause a series of interrogations relating to the maintenance of the psychic and social integrity of these users. These systems can thus cause a new form of dependence (with the technical assistance) and accentuate -paradoxically-the stigmatization of people by the construction of a new profile: "the technically assisted elders".

Falls Detection and Prevention Systems in Home Care for Older Adults: Myth or Reality? (Preprint)

“…Several qualitative studies using focus group methodology reveal that older adults have limited knowledge of technologies which could be offered to them and experience a negative stigma towards them by the simple fact that they use technological tools in their daily lives [42,45,46]. Thus, the use of technologies for home life may contribute to create a new stereotype in the elderly who become "technologically assisted persons", the use of assistive technologies nourishing the stigma of aging and dependence [47,48]. In turn, this vision can lead the elderly to reject new technologies and thus accentuate the digital divide already prevalent in our societies [40].…”

“…The third factor is the perceived need by the user him/herself for fall prevention and detection systems. This factor is influenced by the older person's self-perceived physical, cognitive, and emotional condition, and self-esteem [47,49,50,52,53,55,56]. Faced with a society increasingly turned towards the use of new technologies, some elderly people feel excluded.…”

“…This feeling may lead elderly persons to develop "technophobia", which is an exacerbated fear of using technology and a concern about its effects on society [57,58]. In this respect, the image of one's own aging will be an essential issue [47]. Aging persons with a positive view of themselves will be more enthusiastic about using new technology because they will perceive an opportunity to develop new skills and new experiences in their life.…”

“…On the contrary, a person who has a negative image of the way his/her ages will tend to feel "incapable" of acquiring the skills to use new technologies and will be reluctant to it, even if their use is simplified. The life trajectory of the individual can also be a factor influencing the use of technologies and the level of anxiety associated to their use [35,47,57]. This factor refers to the experience the person has developed throughout his/her life, both personally and professionally, which will contribute to the representations of his/her own general skills acquired in this field.…”

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“…In addition to maintenance and hospitalization at home and the development of autonomy, gerontechnology also aims to rehabilitate and attenuate some deficiencies (Buiza et al, 2009;Hage, 2008) and to improve the quality of life of older adults (Blaschke, Freddolino, & Mullen, 2009;Bobillier Chaumon, Michel, Tarpin-Bernard, & Croisille, 2013;Bronswijk, van Bouma, & Fozard, 2002). Pervasive assistive technologies are less intrusive than conventional systems of remote assistance or surveillance, as they tend to blend into the living environment (Bobillier Chaumon & Ciobanu, 2009). Thus, they are able to anticipate users' needs by using data from the environment and proposing appropriate solutions (Strong & Gaver, 1996).…”