Les multiples facettes des inégalités écologiques

Abstract

Ce texte fut publié, la première fois, en 2007 : Les multiples facettes des inégalités écologiques (dossier 9, 2007) 1 La notion et la question des inégalités écologiques ou environnementale recouvrent un champ très large et divers, tributaire à la fois du sens donné à écologique ou à environnemental (la sémantique ne semble pas encore fixée en France) et de l'échelle spatio-temporelle à laquelle on se place. Les réflexions présentées ici n'abordent pas directement les inégalités planétaires et les relations Nord-Sud qui y sont attachées, mais visent essentiellement les cadres urbains, au bilan très mitigé, à un moment où la problématique urbaine connaît par ailleurs un profond renouvellement dans le contexte de la mondialisation dans lequel les villes et les dynamiques urbaines jouent un rôle croissant (Antier, 2005 ; Burgel, 2006). Les multiples facettes des inégalités écologiques

The Role of Non-Climate Data in Equitable Climate Adaptation Planning: Lessons from Small French and American Cities

“…For example, goals for equitable access to emergency response services related to weather extremes and hazards appear in 52% of U.S. and 41% of French plans. Yet, in both countries, it is apparent that factors such as race and ethnicity matter when it comes to the provision of governmental assistance [25,127]. "Years after Katrina, it is clear that the slow and incompetent emergency response was a disaster that overshadowed the deadly storm itself, and while Katrina brought governmental racial injustice to the forefront, this disparity has been affecting African American communities long before the storm.…”

“…Yet only 13% of U.S. and 6% of French plans set any justice-focused targets for air quality. Numerous studies indicate that racial and ethnic minorities and low-income people both in the United States [133] and France [127] are being disproportionally exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Ozone-and fine particle-related mortalities are expected to increase due to climate change, especially affecting vulnerable populations [134].…”

The Role of Non-climate Data in Effective Climate Adaptation Planning: Lessons From Small French and American Cities

“…For example, goals for equable access to emergency response services related to weather extremes and hazards appear in 52% of American and 41% of French plans. Yet, in both countries it is apparent that factors such as race and ethnicity matters when it comes to governmental assistance [26], [126] ." Years after Katrina, the slow and incompetent emergency response was disaster that overshadowed the deadly storm itself, and while Katrina brought governmental racial injustice to the forefront, this disparity has been affecting African American communities long before… and after... the storm.…”

“…Yet only 13% U.S. and 6% French plans set any justice-focused targets for air quality. Numerous studies indicate that racial and ethnic minorities, and low-income people both in the United States [131] and in France [126] are being already disproportionally exposed to higher levels of air pollution then other groups. Ozone-and fine particle-related mortalities are expected to increase due to climate change, especially affecting vulnerable populations [132].…”

Risque

“…Le premier est celui de Gondard-Delcroix et Rousseau, 2004, le dernier celui de Wane, Ancey et Grosdidier, en 2006. 2006,2008,2008,2008,2014,2014,2014,2014,2016,2018,2019,2020 (Mormont, 2009), la résilience (Quenault, 2015), l'analyse des paiements pour services environnementaux (Froger et al, 2016), la durabilité forte (Theys et Guimont, 2019), l'approche dite de la société du risque (Charles et Kalaora, 2019) ou de l'incertitude (Reghezza-Zitt et Rufat, 2015), celle par les modes d'habiter (Depeau et al, 2021), le prisme des inégalités écologiques (Charles et al, 2020) et celui de l'économie de la fonctionnalité (Roman et al, 2020) ou celui de l'expertise et de la production de l'ignorance (Rémy et al, 2020).…”