Les liens entre la consommation de boissons énergisantes et la consommation de psychotropes chez les jeunes : que connaissons-nous du phénomène ?

Abstract

Cette recension des écrits, sous forme d’une revue narrative critique, a pour but de dresser un bilan de l’état des connaissances concernant la consommation de boissons énergisantes chez les jeunes et les conduites qui y sont associées telles que la consommation de psychotropes et les autres comportements à risque. L’analyse des études recensées indique que les boissons énergisantes sont consommées par les jeunes adultes pour différents motifs et dans diverses occasions. De plus, ces boissons seraient surtout appréciées par des consommateurs d’autres substances psychoactives telles que le tabac, l’alcool et les drogues. Cette polyconsommation de psychotropes peut entraîner des effets plus souvent préjudiciables que bénéfiques. D’ailleurs, les résultats de différentes études nous renseignent sur le fait que la consommation de boissons énergisantes alcoolisées est associée à des comportements à risque tels que conduire après avoir bu de l’alcool, prendre la route avec un conducteur sous l’influence de l’alcool, avoir des relations sexuelles sous l’influence de substances psychoactives et agir de manière agressive. Néanmoins, les recherches produites comportent certaines limites, notamment le devis majoritairement transversal de ces investigations ne permet pas d’établir de relations de causes à effets. Ce constat incite à la prudence dans l’interprétation des données. Toutefois, la consommation de boissons énergisantes en combinaison avec d’autres substances psychoactives est un phénomène préoccupant en raison de ses effets potentiellement indésirables.This literature review, in the form of a critical narrative review, aims to assess the state of knowledge of the consumption of energy drinks among youth as well as related behaviours, such as psychotropic drug use and other risky behaviours. The analysis of the identified studies indicates that young adults consume energy drinks for diverse reasons and on various occasions. Furthermore, these drinks would be consumed by users of other psychoactive substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and drugs. This poly drug use can result in effects that are often more harmful than beneficial. Moreover, results from various studies indicate that consumption of alcoholic energy drinks is associated with risky behaviours, such as drinking and driving, riding with an impaired driver, having sexual relations under the influence of psychoactive substances, and behaving aggressively. Nevertheless, the studies produced have certain limitations, notably the fact that the predominantly cross-sectional design of these investigations makes it impossible to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting the data. However, the consumption of energy drinks in combination with other psychoactive substances is a worrisome phenomenon given the potentially undesirable effects.Esta reseña de artículos, con forma de narrativa crítica, tiene por objetivo hacer un balance del estado de los conocimientos relativos al consumo de bebidas energizantes entre lo...

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