Les jardins du Grand Trianon de Michel Le Bouteux à Richard Mique

Abstract

The gardens of the Grand Trianon are usually attributed to André Le Nôtre. They also have the reputation of having suffered over time, albeit preserving their 17th-century organization. A more documented approach obliges us to reassess this picture. First of all, it was Michel Le Bouteux who created the gardens in 1670 and continued to extend them until 1682. It is he who gave them their structure and exceptional botanical richness. Le Nôtre succeeded him from 1687 to 1693, when the marble Trianon replaced the porcelain Trianon, but his work was limited to creating the king’s garden and the spaces bordering the wing known as the Trianon-sous-Bois, to providing a new design for the flower beds, and adding a waterway around the Plafond. Louis XIV then engaged Jules Hardouin-Mansart for the Chestnut Garden and the promenade, as well as a renewal of the flower beds, the pool around the Plafond and great stepped cascade. He also introduced the verdant nature rooms surrounded by geometrically pruned trees, set up fountains in the basins, and installed the first sculptural groups in the gardens. His work on the Trianon gardens was thus considerable. Several neglected documents have revealed that the entire garden was redesigned under the direction of Richard Mique in 1776, along with the replanting of the park at Versailles. At that time, the central spaces were enlarged in quincuncial arrangement, a second north-south axis brought into balance the original east-west axis, the sculpted decoration was recomposed, and all the plantings were renewed with new species. As the plan of the garden changed very little thereafter, it is Mique’s conception that we admire today at the Grand Trianon, much more than that of Le Nôtre.