The purpose of this paper is to provide for both life and non life insurance a measurement of economies of scale and an assessment of productive performance of French companies. We use a translog cost function to check the presence of scale economies and a parametric approach to construct our yardstick of productive efficiency. Our panel data covers 84 life and 243 non life companies for the period 1984-89. The main findings indicate both the existence of increasing returns to scale and a wide dispersion in the rates of inefficiency across companies. Those two results are shown to be closely linked to a number of characteristics of the companies studied, particularly their institutional form.