Les déterminants d'accès à l'eau potable au Cameroun*

Abstract

réalisée auprès de 33 988 ménages au Cameroun, cet article identifie les déterminants d'accès à l'eau potable. De l'estimation d'une régression logistique multinomiale non ordonnée, les résultats montrent qu'il existe: une relation positive entre les ménages dirigés par les femmes et les probabilités d'accès à l'eau potable par robinet et par borne-fontaine; une relation négative entre l'augmentation de la taille du ménage et ces probabilités d'accès. Une relation positive entre le quintile du bien-être économique (catégorie la plus riche) et les probabilités d'accès à l'eau potable par robinet et forage; une relation positive entre le raccordement à l'électricité d'un ménage et la probabilité d'accès à l'eau potable par robinet. Enfin, une relation positive entre les ménages vivant en zones urbaines et les probabilités d'accès à ces trois catégories de sources d'eau potable améliorée que sont: l'eau par robinet, bornefontaine et forage. Sur ces déterminants, nous discutons les leçons pratiques de politiques publiques afin de favoriser l'accès à l'eau pour tous.

Difference in improved water source adoption between urban and rural households in Cameroon

“…The positive effect of income/wealth on improved source adoption is justified by the fact that in general, the most safe and reliable sources (and therefore the most sought after) are in general those which involve the highest costs of access, excluding the poor. Etia et al (2022), in their study conducted in Cameroon, highlight a positive relationship between the quintile of economic well-being (richest category) and the probabilities of access to drinking water from taps and boreholes, as well as a positive relationship between a household's electricity connection and the probability of access to drinking water from a tap. This result is confirmed in the work of Totouom (2020).…”

“…A fundamental step in addressing the issue of low access to drinking water is improved understanding of the root causes of the phenomenon, hence the interest of our study. Over the past decades, a number of studies have contributed to the literature on water source choices (Adams et al, 2016;Basani, et al, 2008;Boone et al, 2011;Briand & Loyal, 2013;Etia et al, 2022;Mu et al, 1990;Persson 2002;Totouom, 2020;Zoungrana, 2021). They highlighted the effect of a number of factors on household choices that we also consider in our study.…”

“…A large household size for example can demotivate a poor household to take a private connection at home in order to rationalize water consumption, while a large number of members can encourage connection to the water supply network to facilitate collection of water, especially since the opportunity cost of collection from alternative sources would be very high (Briand & Loyal, 2013). However, following Etia et al (2022), who show that there is a negative relationship between household size and the probabilities of using taps and standpipes for drinking water in Cameroon, the following hypothesis is formulated:…”

“…Finally, our study is conducted in Cameroon. Only a few studies on water source choices, including those of Etia et al (2022) and Totouom (2020) have been conducted in a similar context. However, while these studies show that the zone of residence determines water source choices, they do not explain the differences in access to water observed between households depending on their zone of residence.…”

Does foreign direct investment promote access to basic services? The case of drinking water in Africa

“…Empirically, several studies have endeavored to identify factors influencing people's access to drinking water in Africa. These factors encompass natural resource dependence (Tadad j eu et al, 2022), globalization (Fotio & Nguea, 2022), information and communication technologies (Nchofoung et al, 2023), foreign aid (Ndikumana & Pickbourn, 2017), and households’ characteristics (Dhin Etia et al, 2022). This study complements existing research by considering the impact of FDI, a factor that has hitherto received minimal attention.…”