Les déplacements urbains et la pollution de l’air        dans des villes intermédiaires : enjeux politiques et        environnementaux

Glandus, Lise-Marie; Beltrando, Gérard

doi:10.4000/norois.4538

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Les différentes études menées respectivement entre 1987 et 2012 aux urgences de l'Hôpital Principal de Dakar (HPD), au service de Pneumologie du CHNU et à l'Hôpital d'Enfants Albert Royer de Fann, montrent que l'incidence de l'asthme est d'environ 20 pour 1000 avec une mortalité de 6% parmi 30 cas d'Asthme Aigu Grave (AGG) (Diallo, 2016). Cependant, entre 2000 et 2012, la mortalité par asthme en France métropolitaine diminue jusqu'à moins de 0,2/100 0000 depuis 2004 (De Rivoyre, 2011), dans un contexte marqué par l'étalement spatial et la place centrale de l'automobile (Glandus et Beltrando, 2013). Ces disparités de mortalité renvoient sans doute à des distributions spatiales inégales des facteurs de risque environnementaux, sociaux, économiques ou culturels, ainsi que l'offre et de la qualité des soins .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Profil De L’asthmatique Admis Au Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire De Fann (CHNU) A Dakar (Senegal)

Mballo

Sambou

et al. 2020

ESJ

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In Senegal, the prevalence of asthma has not yet been assessed. The socio-demographic, epidemiological and provenance characteristics of asthmatic patients consulted at the National Hospital University Center (CHNU) remain little known. This article contributes to the knowledge of the profile of asthmatic patients admitted to the CHNU. This was a retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional, analytical wise study combining the quantitative and qualitative approach which took place from January 1999 to august 2017 at the CHNU pulmonology clinic. The study of asthmatics category variable, were made up of housewives (24.8%), pupils and students (20.1%), traders (17.5%), bureaucrats (6.8%), health personnel (6%) and koranic teachers and teachers (3.8%). In addition, workers (3.8%), dressmakers (3.4%), hairdressers (3%), drivers (2.6%), farmers and ranchers (2.6%), mechanics and mechanics (1.3%), fishermen and sailors (1.3%), restaurateurs and restorers (1.3%), and others (1.7%). According to marital status, 54.3% were married, 42.7% were single and 3% were divorced. Among the 296 asthmatics, 250 resided in an urban Dakar environment. The history was summarized by the signs and symptoms of patients with cough (34%), nocturnal expiratory dyspnea (34%), sputum (18%) and asthma attacks (14%). The profile of asthmatic patients presents a young population with a female predominance.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Profil De L’asthmatique Admis Au Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire De Fann (CHNU) A Dakar (Senegal)

Mballo

Sambou

et al. 2020

ESJ

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“…Nowadays, automobile traffic is the main source of gas emission in urban areas, and day-to-day mobility is the cause of diversified atmospheric pollution (Glandus & Beltrando, 2013;Kengne Ouabo & Laponche, 2014).…”

Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Transport Effectiveness in Brazzaville

Nzololo¹

2019

ELP

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This research paper has to be set in the framework of an important urban growth. Such urbanization goes along with urban spreading that generates an increase in both urban mobility needs and the use of public transport.The paper focuses on public transport effectiveness in Brazzaville, from the analysis of determinants linked to public transport's generalized cost on the one hand, and to the nuisance effects of such public transport on another hand.When observing urbanization in Africa, three major persistent trends are noticeable: a lower but increasing urbanization rate, in relation to the rest of the world, a faster increase in urban population, and a very heavy concentration of the population in big cities (Damon, 2016).If the urbanization rate in Africa will reach 56% in 2050, urban population in sub-Saharan Africa will experience the world's strongest increase, given that 80% of such population will be urban in the aforementioned year; and big cities have the tendency to grow faster, along with an increase in both their urban transport needs and mobility (Infhotep Cabinet, 2016). Indicators reflecting living standards-health, education and hygiene-are higher in cities than in the countryside (Bloom & Khanna, 2008).Congo B., a country in sub Saharan Africa, can be said to be a "macrocephalic" country, on the ground that there is a big city which dominates more (Gubry, 1991). Brazzaville is that city, with 1, 733, 272 inhabitants, and which represents 60% of the whole number of inhabitants in the country's six major towns (INS, 2015).Brazzaville is a «macrocephaly» as it holds in it the whole lot of urban transport system of the country.We can then talk about an urban spreading of Brazzaville with, on the one hand, the increase in the population that moved from 1,373,382 inhabitants in 2007 (according to the 2007 general population and habitat Census), to 1,733,272 inhabitants in 2015 and, on the other hand, the creation of two new districts-the 8 th and the ninth ones-in 2011, respectively Madibou (southern Brazzaville) and Djiri (northern Brazzaville). Such a creation of new districts results in considerable increase in the daily moving of people in Brazzaville. Madibou has an area of 80.04 square kilometers, while Djiri has 83.46 square kilometers. Together, these two districts represent 50.1% of the area of the city of Brazzaville (INS, 2016). Such an urban spreading made it possible for private-owned vehicles to play a key role, as many people have recourse to them for their daily moving, notably from home to office and vice versa.It is rather a constraining usage of the car. When leaving or entering the aforementioned districts, people are confronted to the serious problem of traffic jams, notably at rush hours.Life in the city of Brazzaville is closely linked to public transport; which is often noticeable whenever there are sociopolitical events within the city. When public transport is operational, this surely means that life in the city goes on (Moyo Nzololo, 2008). Public transport is made of privat...

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“…Toutefois, les déplacements automobiles sont bien identifiés comme étant une source de pollution atmosphérique, contrairement à l'hypothèse avancée par Lise-Marie Glandus et Gérard Beltrando (Glandus et Beltrando, 2013). Néanmoins, les salariés interrogés mettent en avant l'absence d'alternatives pour se saisir d'autres modes de transport et modifier leurs pratiques.…”

Section: Un Facteur Insuffisant Pour Faire éVoluer Les « Choix » De Munclassified

Les choix de mobilité des ménages et des entreprises à l’aune des nouvelles contraintes énergétiques : quelle prise en compte de la pollution atmosphérique ?

Lejoux¹,

Ortar²

2014

Pollution Atmosphérique

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RésuméL'objectif de cet article est de voir si des évolutions sont perceptibles dans les choix de mobilité des ménages et des entreprises face à la montée des contraintes énergétiques. Il s'appuie sur les résultats de deux enquêtes qualitatives menées auprès de ménages et d'entreprises au sein de territoires périurbains de la métropole lyonnaise. Les résultats montrent que certaines évolutions sont perceptibles dans les choix de mobilité des ménages comme des entreprises, liées notamment à l'importance accordée aux enjeux environnementaux, à une prise de conscience du coût de la mobilité routière… Mais ces résultats font également ressortir le poids des contraintes qui pèsent sur les choix de mobilité, notamment pour celles liées au travail. Pour réussir la transition énergétique dans le domaine de la mobilité, et plus précisément pour réduire la pollution atmosphérique et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, il apparaît indispensable de se pencher plus précisément sur la question des contraintes générées par le travail. Mots-clésentreprises, ménages, travail, transition énergétique, mobilités. AbstractThis paper aims to understand if changes are noticeable in the mobility choices of households and companies constraint by rising energy prices. It is based on the results of two qualitative surveys of households and companies in suburban areas of the city of Lyon. The results show that some changes are noticeable in household and companies choices of mobility, linked in particular to the raising importance of environmental issues, an awareness of the cost of road mobility. However, these results also highlight the weight of constraints on mobility choices, especially those related to work, thus, in the area of mobility, to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions, it is essential to look more specifically on the constraints generated by work.

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Les déplacements urbains et la pollution de l’air dans des villes intermédiaires : enjeux politiques et environnementaux

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Profil De L’asthmatique Admis Au Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire De Fann (CHNU) A Dakar (Senegal)

Profil De L’asthmatique Admis Au Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire De Fann (CHNU) A Dakar (Senegal)

Public Transport Effectiveness in Brazzaville

Les choix de mobilité des ménages et des entreprises à l’aune des nouvelles contraintes énergétiques : quelle prise en compte de la pollution atmosphérique ?

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