“…Education in conflict situations in francophone Africa has benefited from recent research that helps understand the effects of wars on the functioning of education systems (Guth, 2003;Lanoue, 2003b;Azoh et al, 2009;Triplet, 2015;Murseli, 2019). These studies focus on the consequences of wars and on the adaptation of education systems and families in the face of often failing States.…”