“…In France, figurational sociology, in the Elias tradition, and, more prominently, Bourdieu’s theoretical perspectives have been used to analyse the reduction and regulation of violence, to determine social tastes and hence social judgments, and to analyse the opposing forces at play as social groups for control of sports organizations and sports events. These major theoretical frameworks have been used to better understand the martial arts, other contact sports such as rugby, judo, boxing and sailing (Audiffren and Cremieux, 1996; Clément, 1994; Héas et al, 2003; Mennesson, 2005; Wacquant, 2002), and to examine extreme or high-risk physical activities, such as around-the-world yacht racing, extreme ski formats, sky-diving, urban caving and Parkour (in which you climb on or jump from urban environment) (Lebreton, 2009; Routier, 2011; Soulé and Corneloup, 2007). In addition, much analysis of gender in the context of sport draws on these theoretical traditions (Davisse and Louveau, 1998; Mennesson, 2005,etc.…”