Les Annees de Misere: La Famine au Temps du Grand Roy 1680-1720.

Schaeper, Thomas J.; Lachiver, Marcel

doi:10.2307/2166245

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The hypothesis of adequate diet is not borne out by historical data. These records show periods of famine throughout the Ancien Régime and poorly diversified diet during the industrial transition (Flandrin & Montanari, 1996; Lachiver, 1991;Perrin, 2021; Perrin et al, 2022). Similarly, data obtained from the analysis of nonspecific stress markers could demonstrate a high level of deficiency (Perrin, 2021; Perrin et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Perrin,

Schmitt,

Ardagna

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article aims to estimate the prevalence of rickets and its development during the Industrial Revolution in southeastern France through the study of a large skeletal collection from two recently excavated sites in La Ciotat and Marseille. In total, 790 individuals were selected based on their state of preservation: 556 adults and 234 nonadults. All individuals were systematically examined for macroscopic paleopathological evidence of rickets, based on 13 features indicative of vitamin D deficiency. Rickets was rare in our population, with only 3% of the sample showing signs of the disease. Individuals who died during childhood were more likely to present lesions associated with rickets: 7.7% of the nonadult population show signs of rickets against 1.1% of the adult one (Fisher's exact test: p < 0.001). Moreover, these lesions generally indicated early stages with mechanical bowing of long bones being particularly rare, unlike metaphyseal deformities. Far from the expected increase described by medico‐historical literature, incidence was low and showed no change from the 16th to the 20th century. Furthermore, an increase in residual cases in adults results suggest better survival of vitamin D deficiency, which could reflect better handling of the disease. This is the first study dealing with rickets during the Industrial Revolution in France, and based on osteological material, forthcoming analyses should now focus on the incorporation of radiographic and microscopic criteria to further validate our cases and working hypotheses. Additionally, future research could benefit from the inclusion of a broader sample of individuals from early and late modern contexts, but also from the consideration of local medieval contexts providing a detailed overview that could highlight secular changes over a long period.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Perrin,

Schmitt,

Ardagna

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Its exact start and duration varied, as with the famine of the 1590s, but it was most widespread and severe between 1693 and 1697 (Alfani & Ó Gráda, 2017). The famine of 1708–1710 was equally severe in much of Europe, but of much shorter duration (Lachiver, 1991; Monahan, 1993). During the 18th century, famines became increasingly more localized, and less lethal (Pfister & Wanner, 2021), and even disappeared entirely in certain places such as England (Campbell et al, 2011; Michaelowa, 2001) and northern Italy (Vanhaute, 2011).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of European Faminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society

Ljungqvist,

Seim,

Collet

2023

WIREs Climate Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article evaluates recent scholarship on famines in Europe during the medieval and early modern periods (c. 700–1800), synthesizing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and identifying both research gaps and interdisciplinary potentials. Particular focus is placed on how, and to what extent, climatic change and variability is given explanatory power in famine causation. Current research, supported by recent advances in palaeoclimatology, reveals that anomalous cold conditions constituted the main environmental backdrop for severe food production crises that could result in famines in pre‐industrial Europe. Such food crises occurred most frequently between c. 1550 and 1710, during the climax of the Little Ice Age cooling, and can be connected to the strong dependency on grain in Europe during this period. The available body of scholarship demonstrates that famines in medieval and early modern Europe best can be understood as the result of the interactions of climatic and societal stressors responding to pre‐existing vulnerabilities. Recent research has shown that societal responses to these famines, and the appropriation of their consequences, have been much more comprehensive, dynamic, and substantial than previously assumed. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future studies on historical famines.This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Major Historical Eras Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate

show abstract

“…Mortality rates were high in 1694, 1698, 1705, 1709-1710 and 1720-1721, the latter period corresponding to the plague episode in which the individuals we analysed died. Many French regions experienced famine in 1692-1693, an extremely cold winter having affected agriculture (Lachiver, 1991). The impacts of this event were felt in Provence mainly in 1694 and the following years, as shown in figure 5.…”

Section: Living Conditions During the Three Different Historical Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other crises known to have affected Provence, France and Europe prior to 1690 may also have affected our sample. These include plague in Provence, from 1629 to 1630 and from 1649 to 1650 (Emmanuelli et al, 1991); the Franco-Spanish war, from 1635 to 1659; the war in the Mediterranean, when troops passed through Provence and revolts occurred in the region, from 1635 to 1640 (Emmanuelli, 1991); the Fronde civil wars, from 1648 to 1643, a series of extremely cold winters leading to famines, from 1660 to 1663, and a further outbreak of plague in 1663 (Lachiver, 1991;Le Roy Ladurie, 2015).…”

Section: Living Conditions During the Three Different Historical Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%