Leptospirosis: one of the forgotten diseases

Taniguchi, Leandro Utino; Póvoa, Pedro

doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05839-z

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Leptospirosis is a worldwide anthropozoonosis responsible for a global public health burden that is considerably heavier in tropical than in temperate regions [1]. The incidence has been estimated at nearly one million cases, with 60 000 deaths, each year [2][3][4]. However, the true incidence may be far higher, since notification is not mandatory and many cases probably go undiagnosed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe leptospirosis in tropical and non-tropical areas: A comparison of two french, multicentre, retrospective cohorts

Allyn,

Miailhe,

Delmas

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonosis that occurs worldwide but is more common in tropical regions. Severe forms may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Whether the clinical patterns and outcomes differ between tropical and non-tropical regions with similar healthcare systems is unclear. Our objective here was to address this issue by comparing two cohorts of ICU patients with leptospirosis managed in mainland France and in the overseas French department of Réunion, respectively. Methodology/Principal findings We compared two retrospective cohorts of patients admitted to intensive care for severe leptospirosis, one from Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean (tropical climate) and the other from metropolitan France (temperate climate). Chi-square and Student’s t tests were used for comparisons. After grouping the two cohorts, we also performed multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering to search for distinct clinical phenotypes. The Réunion and Metropolitan France cohorts comprised 128 and 160 patients respectively. Compared with the Réunion cohort, the metropolitan cohort had a higher mean age (42.5±14.1 vs. 51.4±16.5 years, p<0.001). Severity scores, length of stay and mortality did not differ between the two cohorts. Three phenotypes were identified: hepato-renal leptospirosis (54.5%) characterized by significant hepatic, renal and coagulation failure, with a mortality of 8.3%; moderately severe leptospirosis (38.5%) with less severe organ failure and the lowest mortality rate (1.8%); and very severe leptospirosis (7%) manifested by neurological, respiratory and cardiovascular failure, with a mortality of 30%. Conclusions/Significance The outcomes of severe leptospirosis requiring ICU admission did not differ between tropical and temperate regions with similar healthcare access, practices, and resources, despite some differences in patient characteristics. The identification of three different clinical phenotypes may assist in the early diagnosis and management of severe leptospirosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe leptospirosis in tropical and non-tropical areas: A comparison of two french, multicentre, retrospective cohorts

Allyn,

Miailhe,

Delmas

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…It is this diversity, as well as the dose of the infective inoculum and immune competence and species of the host, that contribute to the variable clinical presentations encountered in infected human and veterinary patients [8]. For this reason, research conducted in different bioclimatic regions and countries may not be comparable if local serovars and maintenance host populations differ substantially [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of pig-hunting dogs and humans in North Queensland

et al. 2022

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Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution, caused by pathogenic serovars in the genus Leptospira. Feral pigs are known carriers of Leptospira species and pig hunting using dogs is a common recreational activity in Queensland, Australia. Methodology and principal findings This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. serovars in pig-hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland and by establishing the geographic distribution, serovars and incidence of human cases of leptospirosis in Queensland, identify potential overlap between human and canine exposure. We also explored the knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of pig-hunting dog owners towards zoonotic diseases. Ninety-eight pig-hunting dogs deemed healthy by physical examination and owned by 41 people from Queensland had serum submitted for Microscopic Agglutination Testing (MAT) to determine antibody titres against Leptospira serovars, while 40/41 dog owners completed a survey on their knowledge of diseases relating to pig hunting. Human leptospirosis cases (n = 330) notified to Queensland Health between 2015–2018 were analysed. Approximately one quarter (23/87; 26%) of unvaccinated pig-hunting dogs were seropositive to Leptospira spp. Although harder to interpret, 8/11 (73%) vaccinated dogs were seropositive to Leptospira spp. Pig hunters may be more likely to contract leptospirosis compared with the general Queensland population, based on responses from surveyed hunters. The highest concentration of human leptospirosis was in the wet tropics region of Far North Queensland. There was little overlap between the serovars dogs were exposed to and those infecting humans. The dominant serovar identified in unvaccinated dogs was Australis (13/23; 57%), with serovar Arborea (36/330; 10.9%) responsible for the highest number of human leptospirosis cases. Topaz was the second most common serovar in both humans and dogs and was previously unrecorded in Australian dogs. Most hunters surveyed used hand washing as a zoonotic disease risk reduction technique. Conclusions Leptospirosis is an emerging disease of growing significance. The infection requires a ‘one health’ approach to understand its epidemiology. With shifting climatic patterns influencing human-animal-environment interactions, ongoing monitoring of diseases like leptospirosis is critical to helping prevent infection of individuals and disease outbreaks.

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“…Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution; its highest incidence has been recorded in tropical and subtropical areas (Cilia et al., 2020; Taniguchi & Póvoa, 2019). The causative agents of the disease are several spirochaetal bacteria of the genus Leptospira ; until now, 64 species have been described, along with over 300 serovars (Picardeau, 2017; Vincent et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

Gutiérrez-Molina

Acevedo

Sánchez‐Montes

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Bovine leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects cattle herds, causing economic losses due to reproductive problems which require expensive treatments. The main source of transmission for cattle is still uncertain, but rodents and bats can play an important role in the transmission cycle by being maintenance hosts for the pathogenic species of the bacterium and spreading it through urine. In this study, we characterize possible risk areas for bovine leptospirosis exposure in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, based on the geographical distribution of flying (bats) and terrestrial (rodents and opossums) wild hosts of Leptospira sp. reported in Mexico, in addition to climate, geography, soil characteristics, land use and human activities (environmental variables). We used a generalized linear regression model to understand the association between the frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies (a proxy of exposure) in cattle herds exposed to Leptospira, the favourability of wild hosts of Leptospira as well as the environmental variables. The parameterized model explained 12.3% of the variance. The frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies exposure in cattle herds was associated with elevation, geographic longitude, pH of the soil surface and environmental favourability for the presence of rodents, opossums and bats. The variation in exposure was mainly explained by a longitudinal gradient (6.4% of the variance) and the favourability-based indices for wild hosts (9.6% of the variance). Describing the possible risks for exposure to Leptospira in an important and neglected livestock geographical region, we provide valuable information for the selection of areas for diagnosis and prevention of this relevant disease.

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Leptospirosis: one of the forgotten diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Severe leptospirosis in tropical and non-tropical areas: A comparison of two french, multicentre, retrospective cohorts

Severe leptospirosis in tropical and non-tropical areas: A comparison of two french, multicentre, retrospective cohorts

Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of pig-hunting dogs and humans in North Queensland

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

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