Leptospirosis- A Review on its Zoonosis and Related Aspects

Routray, Abhilash; Panigrahi, Sumitra; Swain, Krutanjaliu; Das, Malay Kumar; Ganguly, Subha

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20171020111742

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The differentiation of various serovars is due to the difference in agglutination reaction in MAT. Furthermore, 60 serovars for L. biflexa and above 300 serovars for L. interrogans have been reported Routray et al 23 Leptospires are aerobic and motile, and they can sustain alkaline pH but cannot survive in the hot and dry environment. The bacteria are Gram-negative.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Status of Leptospirosis in India

Choudhary,

Kumar

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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A corkscrew-shaped spirochaete named Leptospira interrogans causes the infectious disease called leptospirosis. Leptospirosis, a growing public health concern worldwide, from subclinical infections to potentially lethal pulmonary hemorrhage. The disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira, poses a threat to both humans and animals, and its transmission occurs through contact with infected animals, contaminated water, and soil. The prevalence of leptospirosis is influenced by various factors, including climate, urban development, and animal-rearing practices. It can manifest with severe symptoms in humans, making early diagnosis crucial. Diagnostic methods like microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are widely used for the screening of leptospira infection. Molecular technique like PCR and qPCR offering higher sensitivity and rapidity. This paper meta-analyses the incidence of leptospirosis in various animals based on the literature published from 2005 to 2023 and provides prevalence of the disease in various animal including humans. Results suggest the significance prevalence of the disease in humans and various animal species, namely buffalo, rodents, and dogs. Coastal regions in India were particularly vulnerable to the disease. Efforts to control leptospirosis include surveillance programs and public health initiatives. Understanding the epidemiology and prevalence of leptospirosis, as highlighted in this paper, is essential for implementing effective preventive measures. Finally, a continued research, diagnostic advancements, public awareness campaigns and addressing research gaps in epidemiology of the disease are critical in mitigating the impact on human and animal health. This review provides important data for public health authorities, veterinarians, scientists and for the public, in general.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was an increase of 74 % in the monsoon and a sharp rise in cases in some areas where the disease was not found earlier, such as Kolenchery, a midland, and leptospirosis was rare before 1987. 23,40 A postflood outbreak of human leptospirosis in Kerala claimed about 70 lives in 2018. 41…”

Section: Keralamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Status of Leptospirosis in India

Choudhary,

Kumar

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Leptospires have also been reportedly detected in reptiles and birds (Routray et al, 2018). The type of habitats most likely to carry infective bacteria are moist and damp areas like riverbanks, muddy livestock rearing areas where there is a regular passage of wild or farm mammals (Kohn et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squirrels and Transmission of Leptospirosis: Awareness and Perception of the University of Ibadan Main Campus Residents, Nigeria

Omonona¹,

Jubril

Durosinmi

et al. 2022

AJHSE

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The co-existence or interaction of squirrels with humans and domestic animals within the urban environment could serve as an interface for the disease transmission like leptospirosis. The study examined the level of awareness and perception of the University of Ibadan campus residents on squirrels as it relates to human transmission of leptospirosis. Data were collected through the administration of 102 copies of semi-structured questionnaire to residents of the University of Ibadan living quarters using simple random sampling technique. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive and correlation analysis. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 with statistical significance set at α005. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents showed that majority were males (56.9%), singles (61.4%) had HND/B.Sc as highest educational qualification (44.0%) and had resided within the study area for less than 10 years (64.5%). Most respondents (64.7%) felt safe seeing squirrels around them while a good number of them (37.3%) did know if squirrels carry organisms that cause leptospirosis. Majority of the respondents (58.8%) did not know if leptospirosis is a common zoonotic disease while 51.0% did not know some of the symptoms of leptospirosis. There was a positive correlation (r=0.012) between educational status and perception of leptospirosis. There is need for proper education as regards squirrels being potential carriers of leptospira bacteria and this should be done in such a way that residents do not attack or aim at eradicating squirrels in the study area.

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