Leptospira strains isolated from cattle in the Amazon region, Brazil, evidence of a variety of species and serogroups with a high frequency of the Sejroe serogroup

Guedes, Israel Barbosa; Souza, Gisele Oliveira de; Rocha, Katarine de Souza; Cavalini, Matheus Burilli; Neto, Manoel Soares Damasceno; Castro, Juliana Fernandes de Paula; Filho, Antônio Francisco de Souza; Negrão, Manoel Pierre; Cortéz, Adriana; Moraes, Carla Cristina Guimarães de; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101579

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…circulating in the Amazon region has already been demonstrated based on sec Y gene, and the species L. interrogans, L. noguchii, L. kirshnerii. L. santarosai, and L. borgpetersenii have been identified in bovine, pigs, rodent, and marsupials [13,[36][37][38][39]. Moreover, similarly to the results from the present study, an independent clade, close but separated from L. kirshnerii was identified in cattle from the region after phylogenetic analyses based on secY gene [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Di Azevedo,

Verde,

Ezepha

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis frequently reported worldwide, caused by a spirochete of the genus Leptospira. It is capable of infecting domestic animals, free-living animals, and humans. Among wild animals, the role of bats in the epidemiology of leptospirosis has been investigated but is far from being elucidated. The Amazonian biome has the ideal conditions for maintaining and disseminating leptospires and, despite efforts that have been made to better understand leptospires’ occurrence in wild animals in the region, few studies aimed to explore and genetically characterize leptospires in bats. Based on this, the aim of the present study is to deeper investigate and genetically characterize leptospires detected in bats from the southwest Amazon. Animals were trapped by mist netting at five sites in the state of Acre, Brazil. Kidney samples were obtained and stored for molecular analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted first based on the LipL32 gene, and positive samples were submitted to rrs and secY-PCR and sequencing. Sequences were then submitted to phylogenetic analyses through multiple bioinformatic tools. The rrs sequences from the present study formed one single haplotype, different from any other previously deposited, grouped in a highly supported cluster with sequences from bats from Madagascar and China. The initial secY screening revealed no identity with previously deposited sequences. The phylogenetic trees revealed the sequences from the present study in an isolated branch, clearly separated from all previously known pathogenic Leptospira spp., suggesting the existence of a potentially undescribed species. The haplotype network including only leptospires from the Amazon region confirmed two new haplotypes from the same taxon unity, isolated from the others, with a probable origin of the species from L. noguchii. The characterization of this potentially new species in bats reinforces the complexity of the transmission dynamics of leptospires, including wild, periurban, and urban environments, emphasizing the need for an integrative look at leptospirosis vigilance within the context of One Health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Di Azevedo,

Verde,

Ezepha

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…L. santarosai is commonly associated with infection of humans, and domestic and wildlife animals in Latin America. This species has been isolated from cattle in Brazil ( 18 , 20 – 22 ), Mexico ( 24 ), and Peru ( 23 ). Recently, L. santarosai was isolated from the uterus of a sub-fertile cow, highlighting a potential role in bovine genital leptospirosis and poor reproductive performance ( 21 , 49 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and Leptospira santarosai serogroup Pyrogenes isolated from bovine dairy herds in Puerto Rico

Hamond

Dirsmith²,

LeCount³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world and endemic in the Caribbean Islands. Bovine leptospirosis is an important reproductive disease. Globally, cattle are recognized as a reservoir host for L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, which is transmitted via urine, semen, and uterine discharges, and can result in abortion and poor reproductive performance. The dairy industry in Puerto Rico comprises up to 25% of agriculture-related income and is historically the most financially important agricultural commodity on the island. In this study, we report the isolation of two different pathogenic Leptospira species, from two different serogroups, from urine samples collected from dairy cows in Puerto Rico: L. borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo and L. santarosai serogroup Pyrogenes. Recovered isolates were classified using whole-genome sequencing, serotyping with reference antisera and monoclonal antibodies, and immunoblotting. These results demonstrate that dairy herds in Puerto Rico can be concurrently infected with more than one species and serovar of Leptospira, and that bacterin vaccines and serologic diagnostics should account for this when applying intervention and diagnostic strategies.

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“…The main known agents of bovine leptospirosis are the strains of Sejroe serogroup, which are considered adapted to the bovine species and do not require other reservoirs for their maintenance, being transmitted from cow to cow [9,13]. Sejroe strains have been also isolated worldwide, besides being frequently demonstrated in serosurveys, and in molecular studies [14][15][16]. Additionally, this serogroup has been associated with reproductive failures [3,17], which means that Sejroe strains play a key role in the reproductive syndrome of bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL).…”

Section: Agents and Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

Aymée,

Mendes,

Lilenbaum

2024

Animals

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Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. The recommended diagnosis of BGL includes a serologic screening of the herds using the microscopic agglutination test followed by PCR of genital samples (cervicovaginal mucus, uterine fragment, or semen), especially from animals with reproductive failures. After the identification of carriers, control is carried out considering three steps: antimicrobial treatment of the carriers, environmental and reproductive management, and herd vaccination. Systematic testing, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and usage of antimicrobials in semen diluents or embryo culture media are other sanitary approaches that are encouraged to improve the control of the syndrome. Herein we discuss protocols for an efficient diagnosis and preventive procedures of BGL, which are fundamental to reducing the negative impact of the disease on cattle reproduction and its consequent economic hazards.

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Leptospira strains isolated from cattle in the Amazon region, Brazil, evidence of a variety of species and serogroups with a high frequency of the Sejroe serogroup

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and Leptospira santarosai serogroup Pyrogenes isolated from bovine dairy herds in Puerto Rico

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

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