Leptospira Exposure and Waste Pickers: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study in Durango, Mexico

Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme; Hernández‐Tinoco, Jesús; Sánchez‐Anguiano, Luis Francisco; Ramos-Nevárez, Agar; Cerrillo-Soto, Sandra Margarita; Guido-Arreola, Carlos Alberto

doi:10.14740/jocmr2217w

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, a considerable number of animals that may contaminate soil with their urine frequently visit gardens. The seroprevalence of Leptospira infection found in gardeners (6%) is also comparable with seroprevalences reported in waste pickers (4.4%) and their controls (5.6%) in the same Durango City [ 17 ]. In contrast, the seroprevalence found in gardeners is lower than the 15.6% seroprevalence reported in general population in rural Durango [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundLeptospira can be found in soil. However, it is unclear whether occupational exposure to soil may represent a risk for Leptospira infection in humans. Therefore, we sought to determine the association of Leptospira IgG seroprevalence with the occupation of gardener, and to determine the epidemiological characteristics of gardeners associated with Leptospira exposure.MethodsWe performed a case-control study in 168 gardeners and 168 age- and gender-matched control subjects without gardening occupation in Durango City, Mexico. The seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies in cases and controls was determined using an enzyme immunoassay. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of Leptospira exposure and the characteristics of the gardeners.ResultsAnti-Leptospira IgG antibodies were found in 10 (6%) of 168 gardeners and in 15 (8.9%) of 168 control subjects (odds ratio (OR): 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28 - 1.48; P = 0.40). Multivariate analysis showed that Leptospira seropositivity was positively associated with female gender (OR: 5.82; 95% CI: 1.11 - 30.46; P = 0.03), and negatively associated with eating while working (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.87; P = 0.03). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that high anti-Leptospira levels were associated with consumption of boar meat (OR: 28.00; 95% CI: 1.20 - 648.80; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThis is the first case-control study of Leptospira exposure in gardeners. Results do not support an association of Leptospira exposure with the occupation of gardener. However, further studies to confirm the lack of this association are needed. The potential role of consumption of boar meat in Leptospira infection deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

et al. 2016

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“…Male and female meat workers had a similar seroprevalence of Leptospira exposure. The seroprevalence found in meat workers (17.7%) is also higher than the 4.4% seroprevalence found in waste pickers in the same Durango City [ 20 ]. On the other hand, the seroprevalence found in meat workers is comparable with the 15.6% seroprevalence reported in the general population in rural Durango [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results were analyzed with the software Epi Info version 7, and SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). For calculation of the sample size, we used a 95% confidence level, a power of 80%, a 1:1 proportion of cases and controls, a reference seroprevalence of 5.6% [ 20 ] as the expected frequency of exposure in controls, and an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5. The result of the sample size calculation was 117 cases and 117 controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Seroprevalence ofLeptospiraExposure in Meat Workers in Northern Mexico: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in workers occupationally exposed to raw meat has been poorly studied. This work aimed to determine the association between Leptospira exposure and the occupation of meat worker, and to determine the seroprevalence association with socio-demographic, work, clinical and behavioral characteristics of the meat workers studied.MethodsWe performed a case-control study in 124 meat workers and 124 age- and gender-matched control subjects in Durango City, Mexico. Sera of cases and controls were analyzed for anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Data of meat workers were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. The association of Leptospira exposure with the characteristics of meat workers was analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAnti-Leptospira IgG antibodies were found in 22 (17.7%) of 124 meat workers and in eight (6.5%) of 124 controls (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.33 - 7.33; P = 0.006). Seroprevalence of Leptospira infection was similar between male butchers (17.6%) and female butchers (18.2%) (P = 1.00). Multivariate analysis of socio-demographic, work and behavioral variables showed that Leptospira exposure was associated with duration in the activity, rural residence, and consumption of snake meat and unwashed raw fruits.ConclusionsThis is the first case-control study of the association of Leptospira exposure with the occupation of meat worker. Results indicate that meat workers represent a risk group for Leptospira exposure. Risk factors for Leptospira exposure found in this study may help in the design of optimal preventive measures against Leptospira infection.

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“…The most common organ involved in our study was liver similar to previous reports. 44 Kidney and pancreas were involved in 40.5% and 8.3% participants respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Electrolytes, Renal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Function in Leptospirosis and Their Association With Its Severity

Jacob¹,

R.V²

2018

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BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in Kerala. The present study is conducted to evaluate the association of serum electrolytes, parameters of renal, hepatic and pancreatic function with the severity of leptospirosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 84 participants in our descriptive study with leptospirosis aged 18 years or above with leptospirosis admitted under General Medicine in 2 years. Pre-existing renal, hepatic and respiratory diseases were excluded. The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Serum electrolytes, liver function tests, renal function tests, serum amylase, serum lipase and creatinine phosphokinase were done in central laboratory and results were analysed using R®. Parameters are expressed as categorical variables and association was determined using Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among the participants (n=84), 71% were males, 70% had severe leptospirosis, 72.6% had hyponatremia, 23.8% had hypokalaemia, 40.5% had elevated serum creatinine, 65.5% had elevated blood urea, 56% had elevated serum total bilirubin (T.bil) and 31% had elevated direct bilirubin (D.bil). Aspartate Amino transferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) were elevated in 61.9%, 47.6%, 44% and 15.5% participants respectively. 8.3% participants had elevated serum amylase and lipase. Significant association with severity of leptospirosis was observed for serum sodium (p=0.

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Leptospira Exposure and Waste Pickers: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study in Durango, Mexico

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

High Seroprevalence ofLeptospiraExposure in Meat Workers in Northern Mexico: A Case-Control Study

Serum Electrolytes, Renal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Function in Leptospirosis and Their Association With Its Severity

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