“…There are many very different NP scenarios that predict new particle exchanges which can lead to contact interactions below direct production threshold; a partial list of known candidates is: a Z ′ from an extended gauge model [2,3], scalar or vector leptoquarks [2,4], R-parity violating sneutrino(ν) exchange [5], scalar or vector bileptons [6], graviton Kaluza-Klein(KK) towers [7,8] in extra dimensional models [9,10], gauge boson KK towers [11,8], and even string excitations [12]. Of course, there may be many other sources of contact interactions from NP models as yet undiscovered, as was low-scale gravity only a few years ago.…”