Leptin, the ob gene product, in female health and disease

Schubring, C.; Blum, Werner; Kratzsch, Juergen; Deutscher, J; Kieß, Wieland

doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(99)00150-5

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The drop in the maternal leptin level after birth, as reported by Shubring, 10 and Pickavance, 11 and the increase in prolactin early in lactation are associated with increased energy intake. In contrast, Butte et al 12 found no differences in the leptin levels of lactating and nonlactating women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Prospective assessment of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to weight change in women

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To study prospectively the relation of parity, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and exclusive breastfeeding to weight gain. DESIGN: The cohort of the Nurse's Health Study II, with analysis restricted to women who were aged 24 to 40 y at baseline (1989), who had a history of no more than one past full-term pregnancy at baseline, gave birth to one child between 1990 and 1991, but had no other pregnancies during the follow-up. SUBJECTS: 1538 of the 33 082 nulliparous women and 2810 of the 20 261 primiparous, in 1989. MEASUREMENTS: Introduction of daily formula/milk was assumed to represent the end of exclusive breastfeeding period. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was categorized into 0, 1-3, 4-7, 8-11, and 12 months or more. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, physical activity, and BMI in 1989, lactation was associated with a weight gain from 1989 to 1993 of approximately 1 kg (statistically significant only for women nulliparous in 1989 with a BMI o25 kg/m 2 (P ¼ 0.02) and for those women primiparous in 1989, with a BMI Z25 kg/m 2 (P ¼ 0.04)) comparing women who breastfed with women who did not, and duration of lactation was unrelated to the magnitude of weight change (P40.40 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Although promotion of breastfeeding has high priority because of its enormous advantages for a newborn child, the associated maternal weight reduction is minimal. Dietary guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding women should include ways to prevent weight retention after parity. International Journal of Obesity (2003) 27, 815-820. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802285Keywords: breastfeeding; BMI; cohort; lactation; overweight; weight change IntroductionChanges in body weight associated with breastfeeding are highly variable. Butte and Hopkinson 1 reviewed 19 studies from developed and developing countries and concluded that most reports show no differences in weight change between lactating and nonlactating women; however, only six of these studies followed women for more than 3 months.Even undernourished women have a fat deposition of about 2 kg by the end of pregnancy. 2 The neuroendocrine changes associated with lactation, characterized by episodic secretion of prolactin and oxytocin, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and hypoinsulinemia, 3 can conserve energy and spare substrate for milk production. Early in breastfeeding, the child's energy needs are small and a positive maternal energy balance is possible, thus, the duration of breastfeeding may be important in any study of weight reduction after pregnancy.Women overweight before pregnancy generally gain less weight, but retain more weight postpartum. 4 Thus, body mass index (BMI) prior to pregnancy may modify the association between weight change and breastfeeding as shown in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based Brazilian survey. 5 In that study, weight change associated with breastfeeding was dependent on BMI prior to pregnancy; overweight women gained weight and lean women lost weight with breastfeeding, but t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Prospective assessment of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to weight change in women

et al. 2003

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“…• The structure of leptin in different tissues and its synthesis (40,43). • Leptin receptor isoform structures and hormone-receptor interactions in different tissues (the hypothalamus, muscle, and adipocytes) (9,11,23,24,34,35,44,45). • The leptin signaling system with different receptors and pathways: JAK/STAT, IRS, and MAPK systems (9,11,18,23,35,44,45).…”

Section: Software Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin and leptin relations in obesity: a multimedia approach

Yokaichiya

Galembeck

Torres

et al. 2008

Advances in Physiology Education

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Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide public health problem. It significantly increases the chances of developing several diseases, including Type II diabetes. The roles of insulin and leptin in obesity involve reactions that can be better understood when they are presented step by step. The aim of this work was to design software with data from some of the most recent publications on obesity, especially those concerning the roles of insulin and leptin in this metabolic disturbance. The most notable characteristic of this software is the use of animations representing the cellular response together with the presentation of recently discovered mechanisms on the participation of insulin and leptin in processes leading to obesity. The software was field tested in the Biochemistry of Nutrition web-based course. After using the software and discussing its contents in chatrooms, students were asked to answer an evaluation survey about the whole activity and the usefulness of the software within the learning process. The teaching assistants (TA) evaluated the software as a tool to help in the teaching process. The students' and TAs' satisfaction was very evident and encouraged us to move forward with the software development and to improve the use of this kind of educational tool in biochemistry classes.

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“…Maternal body weight was determined using digital scales (increment: 100 g; Soehnle, Murrhardt, Germany; www.soehnle.de) at intervals A and C, and the mean of consecutive triplicate measures computed with height to derive the BMI (weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ). All other data were obtained from the patients' notes.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last decade, it has been intensively investigated in the prototypical growth state of pregnancy (2), with the evidence indicating a maternofetal supportive role beginning in early gestation (3) and persisting through lactation (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-course of leptin levels in term and preterm human milk

Bielicki

Huch²,

Mandach³

2004

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To compare the time-course of breast milk leptin levels between term and preterm pregnancy. Design: Open longitudinal prospective randomised study. Methods: RIA of leptin levels in milk from 33 mothers (term pregnancy: n ¼ 24; preterm: n ¼ 9) at three postpartum intervals: 2-3 days, 4-5 days and 6 weeks (intervals A, B and C), combined with serum in 23 mothers (term: n ¼ 17; preterm: n ¼ 6) in interval A. Milk samples were sonicated before incubation. Results: Interval A leptin levels were approximately tenfold higher in serum than in milk (term: 13.24^2.48 vs 1.34^0.14 ng/ml, P , 0.0001; preterm: 4.46^1.05 vs 0.63^0.18 ng/ml, P , 0.0005), and higher in term than in preterm serum (P ¼ 0.03). Milk levels were higher in the term vs preterm group in intervals A (P , 0.01) and B (P , 0.05). In the term group they declined significantly from interval A to interval B (P , 0.05) but did not vary significantly in the preterm group. Serum levels correlated with maternal body mass index; milk levels showed only moderate correlation with maternal and infant weight or body mass index. Conclusion: The reasons for the presence and differential longitudinal expression of leptin in human milk after term and preterm pregnancy remain unknown. A hypothesis, requiring further study, is that persistently lower leptin levels in preterm milk act as a compensatory release of a brake on neonatal growth.European Journal of Endocrinology 151 271-276

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Leptin, the ob gene product, in female health and disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Prospective assessment of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to weight change in women

Prospective assessment of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to weight change in women

Insulin and leptin relations in obesity: a multimedia approach

Time-course of leptin levels in term and preterm human milk

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