Leptin serum concentrations in healthy neonates within the first week of life: relation to insulin and growth hormone levels, skinfold thickness, body mass index and weight

Schubring, C.; Siebler, Thomas; Kratzsch, Jürgen; Englaro, Piera; Blum, Werner; Triep, Karen; Kieß, Wieland

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00761.x

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The leptin system is now well established as contributing to fetal growth, and several studies have reported a positive association of leptin concentrations on birth indices (37)(38)(39), but most studies have not evaluated associations with the sOB-R (40). In the presented study, leptin was found in significantly higher levels in LGA neonates when compared to the AGA group, a finding that complies with previous findings (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Lausten-Thomsen¹,

Christiansen

Hedley

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background: The etiology of childhood obesity and the associated morbidity is multifactorial. Recently, data suggesting a prenatal programming towards later childhood obesity and metabolic deregulation through the intrauterine environment has emerged. This study explored the concentrations of adipokines and their mutual relationship at birth in children born to non-diabetic mothers. Methods: Adiponectin, leptin and sOB-R were measured using ELISA-based commercial kits in umbilical cord blood from 60 neonates (30 born large for gestational age [LGA] and 30 born appropriate for gestational age [AGA]). Children exposed to maternal diabetes, chronic disease and preeclampsia were excluded. Results: The LGA group exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of leptin (p < 0.001) and of free leptin index (p < 0.001) and decreased sOB-R concentrations (p = 0.005) when compared to the AGA group, which persisted in multiple regression analysis after taking the gestational age into account (p = 0.048, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Only a trend towards a difference in adiponectin was demonstrated (p = 0.057) regardless of adjustment (p = 0.150). However, the leptin/adiponectin ratio was

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Lausten-Thomsen¹,

Christiansen

Hedley

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Cord leptin correlates with measures of adiposity at birth (2)(3)(4) and is also raised in offspring of mothers with diabetes (3,4). Assessment of insulin and leptin at birth may be a particularly useful way of monitoring whether the fetus has been exposed to abnormally high levels of glucose in utero.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperinsulinemia in Cord Blood in Mothers With Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in New Zealand

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -In genetically diabetes-prone populations, maternal diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of their children developing diabetes and obesity (the vicious cycle of type 2 diabetes). Fetal hyperinsulinemia at birth acts as a marker of this risk. We therefore examined whether cord insulin and leptin concentrations are increased in offspring of Maori and Pacific Island mothers with type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and varying degrees of glycemic control (HbA 1c ). RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS -Maori and PacificIsland mothers were prospectively recruited at Middlemore Hospital, South Auckland. Cord blood was taken from umbilical vein at birth from singleton babies born after 32 weeks of gestation to 138 mothers with GDM, 39 mothers with type 2 diabetes, and 95 control mothers. , and control subjects 13 ng/ml [8 -22]; P Ͻ 0.001) in cord blood. Cord insulin concentrations Ͼ120 pmol/l were found in 29% of offspring of mothers with GDM and 31% of mothers with type 2 diabetes. Many mothers with GDM had abnormalities of glucose tolerance postpartum (20% type 2 diabetes, 34% impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose). Higher cord insulin (57 pmol/l [40 -94]) and leptin (26 ng/ml [17-39]) concentrations were found even in offspring of GDM mothers with normal glucose tolerance postpartum. RESULTSCONCLUSIONS -Raised cord insulin and leptin concentrations are a common finding in offspring of mothers with type 2 diabetes and GDM in this population. Diabetes Care 29:1345-1350, 2006F etal hyperinsulinemia is characteristic of pregnancy complicated by maternal diabetes and underpins complications such as macrosomia (1). Cord leptin correlates with measures of adiposity at birth (2-4) and is also raised in offspring of mothers with diabetes (3,4). Assessment of insulin and leptin at birth may be a particularly useful way of monitoring whether the fetus has been exposed to abnormally high levels of glucose in utero. Fetal hyperinsulinism may also have potential prognostic implications. Several studies have suggested that the maternal intrauterine environment might result in "programming" of later disease. An increased risk of obesity (5-8) and abnormal glucose tolerance (9 -12) are observed when offspring have been exposed to maternal diabetes in utero. Fetal hyperinsulinemia acts as a marker of this increased risk, offspring of diabetic mothers with higher insulin levels in utero being at a higher risk of later metabolic complications (7,8,10).The Pacific Island and Maori peoples of New Zealand are populations at high risk of both type 2 and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. We measured concentrations of fetal insulin, insulin propeptides, and leptin, together with weight and skinfold thickness at birth, with the following hypotheses: where the mother has type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal hyperinsulinism is common despite treatment of disease, and fetal leptin and fat mass are similarly increased; and in subgroup analysis, these effects are most pronounce...

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“…Raised concentrations of split proinsulin in adults have been interpreted as evidence of b-cell dysfunction (Temple et al, 1989) and a risk of impaired glucose tolerance (Hales et al, 1991), but its role as a metabolic marker in infancy has remained poorly understood (Hawdon et al, 1993;Singhal et al, 2003). We found a positive association between the high split proinsulin concentration and the ratio of adipocyte-derived cytokines-leptin and adiponectin-which have been found to correlate with adiposity (Schubring et al, 1999;Mantzoros et al, 2009), and metabolic disorders (Valle et al, 2003;Darendeliler et al, 2009) in newborns and children, and, further, to efficaciously reflect cardio-metabolic risks (Steinberger et al, 2003;Norata et al, 2007). On the other hand, weight status at the age of 6 months predicts obesity in childhood (Taveras et al, 2009), and here abdominal obesity, known to impair b-cell function (Hanley et al, 2002), was linked to the high split proinsulin concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Impact of maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding on infant metabolic programming: a prospective randomized controlled study

et al. 2010

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Objectives: To evaluate the impact of maternal diet and intensive dietary counselling during pregnancy and breastfeeding on the infant's metabolic status. Subjects/Methods: At the first trimester of pregnancy, 256 women were randomized into a control/placebo group and two dietary counselling groups (diet/probiotics and diet/placebo). The counselling, with double-blind randomization to probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis) or placebo, targeted excessive saturated fat and low fibre consumption. Maternal diet was evaluated repeatedly during pregnancy and postpartum by means of 3 days' food diaries. Metabolic markers, serum 32-33 split and intact proinsulin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, skinfold thickness and waist circumference were measured of 194 healthy infants at the age of 6 months, and the high levels were taken to mirror adverse metabolic status. Results: The proportion of infants with a high 32-33 split proinsulin was significantly lower in dietary counselling with probiotics (n ¼ 6/62, 9.7%) or placebo (n ¼ 7/69, 10.1%) compared with the control/placebo group (n ¼ 17/63, 27.0%). The high split proinsulin was associated with larger skinfold thickness, waist circumference and higher leptin/adiponectin ratio in the infants (Po0.05). With respect to maternal diet during pregnancy, the highest and lowest tertiles of fat intake increased the infant's risk of high split proinsulin, whereas those of butter associated correspondingly with the infant's waist circumference. Further, breastfed infants showed a reduced risk of high split proinsulin and leptin/adiponectin ratio compared with formula-fed infants. Conclusions: Modification of maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding may benefit infant metabolic health. High split proinsulin reflects adverse metabolic status in infancy, which can be improved by early dietary counselling.

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Leptin serum concentrations in healthy neonates within the first week of life: relation to insulin and growth hormone levels, skinfold thickness, body mass index and weight

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Hyperinsulinemia in Cord Blood in Mothers With Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in New Zealand

Impact of maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding on infant metabolic programming: a prospective randomized controlled study

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