Leptin hormone and its effectiveness in reproduction, metabolism, immunity, diabetes, hopes and ambitions

Abstract

Leptin is a hormone derived from adipose tissue and the small intestine, mainly in enterocytes; it helps regulate the energy balance by suppressing hunger, resulting in decreased fat mass in adipocytes. Leptin has specific receptors in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei and other parts of the hypothalamus and the feeding center in the ventral tegmental area. It also plays a role in regulatory aspects other than fat cells, such as obesity, which is linked to a loss of sensitivity of leptin receptors, resulting in an inability to produce satiety and an increase in food intake. Moreover, leptin plays a part in lactation, bone density, the immune system, diabetes treatments, and hypertriglyceridemia. The latest studies in leptin suggest that an analog of leptin may treat DM and hypertriglyceridemia. Further research should be conducted on the effectiveness of leptin on other related diseases.

Large‐scale isolation of functional dermal papilla cells using novel surface marker LEPTIN Receptor

“…LEPTIN is a hormone predominantly expressed by adipose cells and enterocytes in the small intestine that primarily functions in regulating energy balance and fat stores through binding to its receptor LEPR [36]. LEPTIN and LEPR are also expressed by many other cell types, indicating their pleiotropic functions in these cells/tissues [36]. In skin, LEPTIN has been reported as an anagen inducer during hair cycle [37].…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamases- types of antibiotic resistance, methods of prevention.

“…NDM-1 was first detected in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Swedish patient of Indian origin in 2008 (17). It was later detected in bacteria in India, Pakistan, France (18), Turkey (19), China (20) Japan (21) and Egypt (19) The most common bacteria that make this enzyme are Gram negative, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but the NDM-1 gene can spread from one bacteria strain to another horizontal gene transfer (16) The Indian Ministry of Health has disputed the August 2010 result of the Lancet study that the gene originated in India, calling this conclusion "unfair" and stating that Indian hospitals are perfectly safe for treatment. ( 22 ics by doctors and even pharmacists.…”

Serum Leptin, Plasma Glucose, and Lactate Changes following Aerobic Exhaustive Incremental Exercise in Trained 18-26 Years Old Men

“…Data from previous research suggest that altered plasma leptin concentrations are changed for energy intake and expenditure balance, as circulating leptin is influenced by exercise session which meets an energy expenditure threshold. In the study by Al-Hussaniy, regarding the effect of aerobic exercise on leptin secretion, it should be noted that researchers no change in leptin concentration was observed despite a reduction in blood insulin and blood glucose following 60 minutes of treadmill exercise at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in 6 healthy trained men [21] . On the other hand, In another study, a decrease in leptin concentration immediately, 24 and 48 hours after exercise, 60min running at 70% VO2max with energy consumption of 882.7±14.4kCal was observed in 9 trained men and the leptin response was not associated with changes in blood glucose and lactate concentrations [22] .…”

“…Conclusion Incremental exhaustive exercise has no significant effect on serum leptin. [1] A study on the prevalence and clinical features ... [2] Occupational exposure and sensitization to ... [3] Close encounters of the microbial ... [4] Recent consensus on the classification of rhinosinusitis ... [5] Diseases of the sinuses: A comprehensive textbook of ... [6] Descriptions of medical ... [7] Scott-Brown's otorhinolaryngology and head ... [8] The role of fungi in diseases of the nose ... [9] Imaging features of invasive and noninvasive fungal ... [10] Controversies surrounding the categorization ... [11] Fungal rhinosinusitis: A categorization and definitional ... [12] Fungal sinusitis: Histologic spectrum and correlation ... [13] Paranasal fungal sinusitis: contributions of ... [14] Spectrum of fungal rhinosinusitis: Histopathologist's ... [15] Fungal rhinosinusitis: A retrospective microbiologic ... [16] Invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis-a ... [17] Fungal infections of the nose and paranasal ... [18] Endoscopic surgery for mycotic and chronic ... [19] Fungal sinusitis in the immunocompetent ... [20] Incidence and presentation of fungal sinusitis ... [21] A study on the frequency of fungal rhinosinusitis and ... [22] Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary ... [23] Fungal rhinosinusitis: Microbiological and ... [24] Prevalence of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in South ... [25] Allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis frequency in chronic ... [26]…”