Leptin, fetal growth and insulin resistance in non-diabetic pregnancies

Walsh, Jennifer; Byrne, J.; Mahony, Rhona; Foley, Michael; McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.03.007

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are continuous associations between maternal glucose levels and a variety of adverse outcomes, including LGA, and these outcomes are not confined to diabetic pregnancies (9). It is plausible that fetal programming of metabolic dysfunction is a continuous relationship not solely occurring in diabetic pregnancies and accordingly that a far greater proportion of pregnancies may be at risk (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptin in umbilical cord blood has been demonstrated to be of fetal origin as it is independent of maternal levels of leptin (23). Leptin has recently been proposed as a biomarker of fetal adiposity (24) and may provide a biological link for the fetal programming of later adult metabolic and cardiovascular health (10). The bioavailability of leptin is modulated by the soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) (25), and the sOB-R has also been inversely linked to birth weight (26) and to intrauterine growth restriction (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Lausten-Thomsen¹,

Christiansen

Hedley

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background: The etiology of childhood obesity and the associated morbidity is multifactorial. Recently, data suggesting a prenatal programming towards later childhood obesity and metabolic deregulation through the intrauterine environment has emerged. This study explored the concentrations of adipokines and their mutual relationship at birth in children born to non-diabetic mothers. Methods: Adiponectin, leptin and sOB-R were measured using ELISA-based commercial kits in umbilical cord blood from 60 neonates (30 born large for gestational age [LGA] and 30 born appropriate for gestational age [AGA]). Children exposed to maternal diabetes, chronic disease and preeclampsia were excluded. Results: The LGA group exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of leptin (p < 0.001) and of free leptin index (p < 0.001) and decreased sOB-R concentrations (p = 0.005) when compared to the AGA group, which persisted in multiple regression analysis after taking the gestational age into account (p = 0.048, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Only a trend towards a difference in adiponectin was demonstrated (p = 0.057) regardless of adjustment (p = 0.150). However, the leptin/adiponectin ratio was

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Lausten-Thomsen¹,

Christiansen

Hedley

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…7 However, more recent studies have shown that cytokines are involved in this process. [8][9][10] Cytokines have multiple effects including the induction of immune and non-immune reactions. During pregnancy,…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators: A controversial association

Pendeloski

Ono

Torloni

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

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The link between maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators is still unclear. Our aim was to summarize the main findings of recently published studies on this topic. We performed a search in Medline for studies published in the last years on obesity, human pregnancy, and inflammatory mediators. We report the findings of 30 studies.The characteristics and number of participants, study design, gestational age at sample collection, and type of sample varied widely. Approximately two-thirds of them investigated more than one mediator, and 50% included participants in only one trimester of pregnancy. The most frequently investigated mediators were leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. Almost all studies reported an association between maternal obesity, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels but not with IL-1β and IL-10. The association of IL-6, TNF-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, and resistin with maternal obesity is still controversial.To clarify the physiopathological link between maternal obesity and inflammation, more high-quality studies are needed. K E Y W O R D Sadipokine, cytokine, inflammatory mediator, maternal obesity, pregnancy | INTRODUCTIONObesity has more than doubled in the last decades in the general population. Maternal obesity is also increasing. In the United Kingdom, nearly 20% of pregnant women are obese, 1 and in the United States, over 50% of all pregnant women are currently overweight or obese.2 Obesity in pregnancy is associated with both immediate and long term adverse events for both the mother and the offspring, including the risk of metabolic diseases years after delivery.

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“…Umbilical cord blood levels of leptin and adiponectin were categorized into the 10th and 90th percentiles, as the previous literature has shown that both low and high levels of both of these biomarkers are associated with potentially adverse outcomes (Mantzoros et al, 2009;Trujillo and Scherer, 2005;Walsh et al, 2014). Due to differing leptin levels between male and female infants, the binary leptin variables were derived using sex specific cut-off points: 10th percentile (males 1.8, females 3.5 ng/mL) and 90th percentile (males 31.2, females 54.6 ng/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic function can be examined by measuring leptin and adiponectin levels in blood, two hormones produced by adipocytes that play critical roles in metabolic function (Karakosta and Chatzi, 2011;Trujillo and Scherer, 2005;Walsh et al, 2014). Elevated levels of both leptin and adiponectin in umbilical cord blood are correlated with high birth weight and may provide insight on future risk of childhood obesity (Karakosta and Chatzi, 2011;Mantzoros et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal blood metal levels and fetal markers of metabolic function

Ashley‐Martin

Dodds

Arbuckle

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Exposure to metals commonly found in the environment has been hypothesized to be associated with measures of fetal growth but the epidemiological literature is limited. The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study recruited 2001 women during the first trimester of pregnancy from 10 Canadian sites. Our objective was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury) and fetal metabolic function. Average maternal metal concentrations in 1st and 3rd trimester blood samples were used to represent prenatal metals exposure. Leptin and adiponectin were measured in 1363 cord blood samples and served as markers of fetal metabolic function. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between metals and both high (≥ 90%) and low (≤ 10%) fetal adiponectin and leptin levels. Leptin levels were significantly higher in female infants compared to males. A significant relationship between maternal blood cadmium and odds of high leptin was observed among males but not females in adjusted models. When adjusting for birth weight z-score, lead was associated with an increased odd of high leptin. No other significant associations were found at the top or bottom 10th percentile in either leptin or adiponectin models. This study supports the proposition that maternal levels of cadmium influence cord blood adipokine levels in a sex-dependent manner. Further investigation is required to confirm these findings and to determine how such findings at birth will translate into childhood anthropometric measures.

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Leptin, fetal growth and insulin resistance in non-diabetic pregnancies

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age

Maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators: A controversial association

Maternal blood metal levels and fetal markers of metabolic function

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