Leptin, body fat content and energy expenditure in intact and gonadectomized adult cats: a preliminary study

Martin, Lucile; Siliart, Brigitte; Dumon, H.; Backus, Robert C.; Biourge, Vincent; Nguyen, Patrick

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00322.x

Cited by 57 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cats, similar to other species, have increased circulating leptin concentrations following weight gain. Increased blood leptin concentrations, without decreases in food intake suggests decreased leptin sensitivity (Appleton et al, 2000;Backus et al, 2000;Martin et al, 2001).…”

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester

Sutter

Keel

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of this study was to measure changes in body composition, physical activity and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression of cats fed a high-protein (HP) diet or moderate-protein (MP) diet, following ovariohysterectomy. Eight cats were randomized onto HP or MP diets and were fed those diets for several months prior to baseline. All cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy at baseline (week 0) and were allowed ad libitum access to dietary treatments for 24 weeks. Food intake was measured daily, and BW and body condition score were measured weekly. Blood, adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were collected, physical activity was measured, and body composition was determined using DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Caloric intake increased soon after ovariohysterectomy, resulting in increased ( P , 0.05) BW at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Body condition score and body fat percentage increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Blood glucose increased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time. Non-esterified fatty acids were decreased ( P , 0.05) at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Blood leptin increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Total physical activity decreased ( P , 0.05) from week 0 to weeks 12 and 24 in all cats. Adipose tissue mRNA abundance of adiponectin, hormone sensitive lipase, toll-like receptor-4, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time, regardless of diet. Skeletal muscle mRNA abundance for glucose transporter-1, hormone sensitive lipase and UCP2 were decreased ( P , 0.05), regardless of dietary treatment. Our research noted metabolic changes following ovariohysterectomy that are in agreement with gene expression changes pertaining to lipid metabolism. Feeding cats ad libitum after ovariohysterectomy is inadvisable.

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Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester

Sutter

Keel

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Weight gain resulting in obesity occurs when EI exceeds EE over a period of time, and an increase in FI [4], [5] and decrease in EE [4], [6], [7] have both been suggested as mechanisms contributing to post-neutering weight gain. Several studies have reported that gonadectomy stimulates increased FI in cats [4], [5], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Effects of Neutering on Energy Expenditure in Adult Male Cats

et al. 2014

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The initial cause of post-neutering weight gain in male cats is not entirely known. There is evidence that energy intake (EI) increases rapidly post-neutering, but it is not clear if neutering also decreases energy expenditure (EE) prior to weight gain. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if a decrease in EE contributes to the initial shift toward positive energy balance in neutered male cats. To determine the influence of neutering on EE independent of changes in EI and body weight (BW), male cats were fed at their pre-neutering maintenance EI and EE was measured at 4 days pre-neutering, 3–4 days post-neutering, and 9 days post- neutering. Ad libitum food access was then provided for 6 months. Body composition was measured and blood samples collected for serum chemistry at pre-neutering and 7 days, 13 days and 6 months post-neutering. Total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for lean body mass (LBM) did not change in cats from pre-neutering to 9 days post-neutering. However, TEE adjusted for BW and resting energy expenditure adjusted for either LBM or BW showed a small, but significant (P<0.05) increase from pre-neutering to 9 days post-neutering. When allowed free choice food access, cats showed significant increases of food intake (FI) and BW. Circulating concentrations of ghrelin increased, while adiponectin levels decreased following neutering. The results of this study indicate that initial post-neutering weight gain in male cats results from increased FI and not decreased EE. Long-term control of FI should be initiated after neutering to prevent hyperphagia and weight gain in male cats.

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“…In rodents (4,18,21,81, 102) and domestic animals (26,35,58), ovariectomy consistently leads to a rapid increase in body weight and hyperphagia, and estradiol treatment reduces food intake and body weight (14,37,65,81,97). Ovariectomy rapidly increases body weight in nonhuman primates (89), and treatment of ovariectomized monkeys with estradiol has been shown to suppress food intake (24, 44).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective estrogen receptor modulator promotes weight loss in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by decreasing food intake and increasing activity

Sullivan

Shearin

Koegler

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Sullivan EL, Shearin J, Koegler FH, Cameron JL. Selective estrogen receptor modulator promotes weight loss in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by decreasing food intake and increasing activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E759 -E767, 2012. First published January 17, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00327.2011.-The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body weight in postmenopausal women is controversial, with studies reporting an increase, a decrease, and no change in body weight. To examine estrogen receptor actions on body weight, we investigated the effects of treatment with a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on body weight, food intake, and activity and metabolic rate in a nonhuman primate model. Eighteen ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys were treated with a nonsteroidal SERM (GSK232802A, 5 mg/kg po) for 3 mo. GSK232802A decreased lutenizing hormone (P Ͻ 0.0001) and follicle-stimulating hormone levels (P Ͻ 0.0001), consistent with the estrogenic action of the compound. GSK232802A treatment produced a small but sustained weight loss (4.6 Ϯ 1.0%, P Ͻ 0.0001) and reduced adiposity (P Ͻ 0.0001), which was due at least in part to a suppression of food intake (3.6 Ϯ 3.7%, P Ͻ 0.0001). Physical activity increased during the 3rd mo of treatment (P ϭ 0.04). Baseline activity level and the change in activity due to treatment were correlated, with the most sedentary individuals exhibiting increased physical activity during the 1st mo of treatment (P ϭ 0.02). Metabolic rate did not change (P ϭ 0.58). These results indicate that GSK232802A treatment reduces body weight and adiposity in ovariectomized nonhuman primates by suppressing food intake and increasing activity, particularly in the most sedentary individuals. These findings suggest that SERM treatment may counteract weight gain in postmenopausal women.hormone replacement therapy; obesity; menopause; body fat WOMEN GAIN WEIGHT IN ADULTHOOD during the menopausal transition (16,31,45,50,53,56). However, it is unclear whether weight gain is due to age-related changes in metabolism and lifestyle, such as eating more or exercising less, or due to the decrease in ovarian hormones that occurs with menopause. The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the body weights of postmenopausal women are controversial. Many women believe that HRT increases body weight, and 18% of hormone replacement users report weight gain as the main reason for discontinuing HRT (63,78). However, the idea that HRT increases body weight is supported by only a few studies (5, 36). The majority of studies report either that postmenopausal women on HRT have lower body weight than nonusers (82, 83) or that HRT decreases (28, 29, 47) or does not affect postmenopausal weight gain (10,84,86,91), and a few studies report that HRT causes weight loss (20). The controversy around the effects of HRT on body weight in postmenopausal women may be related in part to differing effects of the various HRT regimens that are in common use, including differences i...

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Leptin, body fat content and energy expenditure in intact and gonadectomized adult cats: a preliminary study

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Early Effects of Neutering on Energy Expenditure in Adult Male Cats

Selective estrogen receptor modulator promotes weight loss in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by decreasing food intake and increasing activity

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