Leptin and its receptors are present in the rat olfactory mucosa and modulated by the nutritional status

Baly, Christine; Aı̈oun, Josiane; Badonnel, Karine; Lacroix, Marie-Christine; Durieux, Didier; Schlegel, Claire; Salesse, Roland; Caillol, Monique

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.030

Cited by 76 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These effects do not occur if the feeding of the knockout mice is restricted (Davenport et al, 2007). Specific hormone receptors associated with feeding behavior localize to cilia of the hypothalamus, including somatostatin sst 3 receptor (Sst3R) (Handel et al, 1999) and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1) (Berbari et al, 2008) in neuronal primary cilia, as well as leptin receptor (LepR) in olfactory cilia (Baly et al, 2007). The Sst3R and Mchr1 receptors are mislocalized in neurons of mice that have mutations in proteins that correspond to those observed in individuals with the syndromic obesity condition Bardet-Biedl syndrome (Berbari et al, 2008;Seo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Primary Cilia In Adult Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primary cilium at a glance

Satir

Pedersen

Christensen

2010

Journal of Cell Science

452

405

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Section: Primary Cilia In Adult Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primary cilium at a glance

Satir

Pedersen

Christensen

2010

Journal of Cell Science

452

405

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“…Our finding of a reduced expression in the Pomc gene, but not in the Agrp and Npy genes, supports the notion that the obese phenotype observed in BBS-knockout mice is likely due to a defect in POMC neurons. In the hypothalamus, many of the leptin-responsive neurons are ciliated (38), and immunoreactivity of the leptin receptor has been shown to be enriched in the cilia membranes of neurons of the olfactory mucosa (39). Given the importance of BBS proteins to ciliary function, their absence could lead to defects in the neuronal cilia and alter the signaling machinery associated with the leptin receptor.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin resistance contributes to obesity and hypertension in mouse models of Bardet-Biedl syndrome

Rahmouni

Fath²,

Seo³

et al. 2008

J. Clin. Invest.

204

220

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Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by many features, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. We previously developed knockout mouse models of 3 BBS genes: BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6. To dissect the mechanisms involved in the metabolic disorders associated with BBS, we assessed the development of obesity in these mouse models and found that BBS-null mice were hyperphagic, had low locomotor activity, and had elevated circulating levels of the hormone leptin. The effect of exogenous leptin on body weight and food intake was attenuated in BBS mice, which suggests that leptin resistance may contribute to hyperleptinemia. In other mouse models of obesity, leptin resistance may be selective rather than systemic; although mice became resistant to leptin's anorectic effects, the ability to increase renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was preserved. Although all 3 of the BBS mouse models were similarly resistant to leptin, the sensitivity of renal SNA to leptin was maintained in Bbs4 -/-and Bbs6 -/-mice, but not in Bbs2 -/-mice. Consequently, Bbs4 -/-and Bbs6 -/-mice had higher baseline renal SNA and arterial pressure and a greater reduction in arterial pressure in response to ganglionic blockade. Furthermore, we found that BBS mice had a decreased hypothalamic expression of proopiomelanocortin, which suggests that BBS genes play an important role in maintaining leptin sensitivity in proopiomelanocortin neurons.

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“…One mechanism to explain this later event proposes that chemosensory systems (i.e., taste and smell) are also subject to regulation by homeostatic and satiation signals. Recent real-time-PCR studies support this view by showing that receptors for anorectic (e.g., leptin, CCK) and orexigenic (i.e., orexins) hormones are expressed in the olfactory epithelium and taste buds ( Hoppe et al 2006;Baly et al 2007). Furthermore, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of leptin to rats resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of olfactory sensitivity, whereas icv injections of orexin, which is a potent orexigenic peptide, remarkably improved the olfactory capacity of rats ).…”

Section: Short-term Post-ingestive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

Roura¹,

Humphrey²,

Tedó³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Roura, E., Humphrey, B., Tedo´, G. and Ipharraguerre, I. 2008. Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 535Á558. The evolution of the chemical senses has resulted in a sensory apparatus for high taste and smell acuity in mammals and birds to ensure self-nourishment. Such peripheral chemosensory systems function as a code to unfold the nutritional value of feedstuffs. Food ingestion simultaneously evokes odor, taste and thermo-mechanical (somatosensing) sensations. Olfaction represents the capacity to identify feed volatiles that are predominantly derived from essential nutrients in plants.Comparative biology of olfaction shows that primates and chickens have a smaller olfactory epithelium and fewer olfactory receptor (OR) genes than non-primate mammals studied to date including farm and companion animals, such as the pig, the cow, the dog, the cat and the horse. A significant proportion of the total OR genes in mammals and birds have lost their functionality (pseudogenes) in a process that seems to reflect a decrease in the animal's reliance on the sense of smell, particularly in humans and cows. The taste system allows animals to recognize a diverse repertoire of nutrient (sugars, amino acids, salts, acids and fats) or toxic related chemical entities that provide valuable information about the quality of food. Taste senses non-volatile molecules in the oral cavity through taste receptors (TR). The TR are expressed in the sensory cells forming the taste buds of the tongue's papillae. Taste cells are linked to a network of solitary chemosensory cells diffused through many non-taste tissues involved in metabolic homeostasis. The number of functional taste receptor genes (TASR) in humans is equivalent to that in other mammals and superior to that in chickens. The TASR family 1 (TAS1R coding for umami and sweet TR) is conserved, in number and type, across the species evaluated, with the exception of the sweet receptor in chicken and feline species. The TASR family 2 (TAS2R coding for bitter TR) shows a strong adaptive capacity to dietary sources and digestive physiology across vertebrates. Pseudogenization (loss of gene functionality) in the TAS2R family seems to be a frequent strategy. The implications of oronasal nutrient sensing related to comparative animal feeding strategies and behaviors such as neophobia, feed refusal and hedonic preferences are discussed. Feed palatability and appetence might be one of the main driving forces in short-term feed consumption. Finally, practical applications relevant to animal production are outlined.Key words: Nutrient sensing, taste, olfaction, somatosensing, feed intake, farm, companion animals Roura, E., Humphrey, B., Tedo´, G. et Ipharraguerre, I. 2008. Le code de l'appe´tence a`court terme chez les animaux domestiques et de compagnie. Biologie comparative de la de´tection bucco-nasale des e´le´ments nutritifs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 535Á558. En e´voluant, ...

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Leptin and its receptors are present in the rat olfactory mucosa and modulated by the nutritional status

Cited by 76 publications

References 54 publications

The primary cilium at a glance

The primary cilium at a glance

Leptin resistance contributes to obesity and hypertension in mouse models of Bardet-Biedl syndrome

Unfolding the codes of short-term feed appetence in farm and companion animals. A comparative oronasal nutrient sensing biology review

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