Leptin and asthma in overweight children at 12 years of age

Mai, Xiao-Mei; Böttcher, Malin Fagerås; Leijon, Ingemar

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00195.x

Cited by 105 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…(24) Mai et al studied the association between serum leptin levels and asthma in overweight and non-overweight children in Sweden. (25) They found that serum leptin levels were twice as high in overweight children with asthma than in overweight children without asthma. Among non-overweight children, however, the authors found serum leptin levels to be similar between children with and without asthma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

et al. 2013

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Objective: In individuals with asthma, obesity induces the production of leptin and is associated with disease severity. Our objective was to evaluate the levels of serum leptin and their effect on Th1/Th2 balance in obese and non-obese children with asthma, as well as to investigate the association between serum leptin levels and clinical outcomes. Methods: We evaluated 50 atopic children with physician-diagnosed moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and 20 controls. The children with asthma were divided into two groups, by body mass index percentile: obese (n = 25) and non-obese (n = 25). From all subjects, we collected peripheral blood samples in order to determine the levels of leptin, IFN-γ, and IL-4. Asthma severity was assessed by an asthma symptom score, and the results were correlated with the parameters studied. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the obese asthma group than in the non-obese asthma group, as well as being significantly higher in the children with asthma than in the controls, whereas IFN-γ levels were significantly higher and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the obese asthma group than in the non-obese asthma group. In addition, the obese asthma group showed higher asthma symptom scores and significantly lower FEV 1 (% of predicted) than did the non-obese asthma group. There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and IFN-γ levels only in the obese asthma group. Conclusions: Although leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma in obese and non-obese children, its effect is more pronounced in the former. In the presence of high leptin levels, only obese children with asthma exhibited Th1 polarization, with higher IFN-γ levels and greater asthma severity.Keywords: Leptin; Asthma; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4. ResumoObjetivo: A obesidade induz a produção de leptina em asmáticos e está associada à gravidade da doença. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de leptina sérica e seu efeito no equilíbrio Th1/Th2 em crianças asmáticas obesas e não obesas e investigar a associação desses níveis com desfechos clínicos. Métodos: O estudo envolveu 50 crianças atópicas com diagnóstico médico de asma persistente moderada a grave e 20 controles. Os asmáticos foram agrupados como obesos (n = 25) e não obesos (n = 25) de acordo com o percentil do índice de massa corpórea. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de todos os sujeitos, e os níveis de leptina, IFN-γ e IL-4 foram determinados. A gravidade da asma foi avaliada por um escore de sintomas de asma, e os resultados foram correlacionados com os parâmetros estudados. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de leptina foram significativamente maiores nos asmáticos obesos do que nos asmáticos não obesos, assim como nos asmáticos comparados aos controles, enquanto os níveis de IFN-γ foram significativamente maiores e os de IL-4 foram significativamente menores nos asmáticos obesos do que nos asmáticos não obesos. Os asmáticos obesos tiveram maiores escores de sintomas de asma e VEF 1 (% do previsto) si...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

et al. 2013

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“…19 Furthermore, immunomodulatory effects of obesity, mediated by adipocytokines including leptin, have also been postulated to underlie asthma in obese children. 20,21 However, because not all obese children develop asthma, these factors may play a role, but do not explain the higher predisposition for pulmonary morbidity in some, but not other, obese children. Therefore, there is need for better identification of key molecules and biomarkers that may predict asthma development among at-risk obese children.…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…96 To maintain homeostasis, the proinflammatory effect of leptin is offset by antiinflammatory adipokines, including adiponectin, and omentin and the related antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. [97][98][99] Clinical studies have demonstrated elevated leptin 21 and reduced adiponectin levels in obese children 33, 100 compared with nonobese children with asthma, suggesting that obesityinduced changes in the systemic adipocytokine milieu may underlie asthma in children. 101 (Table 2).…”

Section: Obesity-mediated Inflammation and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation

2016

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The burden of obesity-related asthma among children, particularly among ethnic minorities, necessitates an improved understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. Although obesity is an independent risk factor for asthma, not all obese children develop asthma. Several recent studies have elucidated mechanisms, including the role of diet, sedentary lifestyle, mechanical fat load, and adiposity-mediated inflammation that may underlie the obese asthma pathophysiology. Here, we review these recent studies and emerging scientific evidence that suggest metabolic dysregulation may play a role in pediatric obesity-related asthma. We also review the genetic and epigenetic factors that may underlie susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation and associated pulmonary morbidity among children. Lastly, we identify knowledge gaps that need further exploration to better define pathways that will allow development of primary preventive strategies for obesity-related asthma in children.

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“…A study by Mai and colleagues supports this theory; they observed higher levels of serum leptin in overweight children than in children of normal weight, and in addition, the levels of leptin in overweight children with current asthma were higher (albeit not significantly) than levels in children without current asthma despite similar BMI. 30 However, our study does not allow us to draw any conclusions regarding the biological mechanisms underlying the association between overweight and asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Early Childhood Overweight and Asthma and Allergic Sensitization at 8 Years of Age

Magnusson

Kull

Mai³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Overweight has been associated with an increased risk of asthma in children, although the published literature is contradictory. How change in overweight status during childhood affects asthma risk has not been well studied.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Among children whose weight has normalized, high BMI during the first 4 years of life does not increase the risk of asthma at school age. Current high BMI is associated with increased risk of asthma and sensitization to inhalant allergens. abstract OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to examine the associations between high BMI and changes in BMI status during the first 7 years of life and asthma and allergic sensitization at age 8 years.METHODS: A birth cohort of newborn infants was followed for 8 years. Repeated parental questionnaires provided information on environmental exposures and health outcomes. Information on height and weight during childhood was retrieved from preschool and school health care records. The analyses included the 2075 children for whom information was available on weight and height, as well as on asthma, at age 8 years. RESULTS:A high BMI ($85th percentile) at age 1, 4, and/or 7 years was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 8 years. However, no significant association was observed among children with high BMI at age 12 and/or 18 months (early age) or at age 4 years who developed a normal BMI by age 7 years. The risk was increased among children with high BMI at age 7 years, regardless of their earlier weight. Moreover, we observed an increased risk of sensitization to inhalant allergens among children with high BMI at age 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that high BMI during the first 4 years does not increase the risk of asthma at school age among children who have developed a normal weight by age 7 years. However, high BMI at age 7 years is associated with an increased risk of asthma and sensitization to inhalant allergens.

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Leptin and asthma in overweight children at 12 years of age

Cited by 105 publications

References 42 publications

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation

Early Childhood Overweight and Asthma and Allergic Sensitization at 8 Years of Age

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