Leptin access into the brain

Burguera, Bartolomé; Couce, Marta

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00615-1

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In girls followed throughout puberty, leptin was positively associated with change in bone area,37 despite animal models suggesting leptin functions through neural pathways inhibiting bone formation. It is plausible, given leptin's role in reproduction,34 that the action of leptin may depend on current leptin status and the mode of the action (central or peripheral effects), as well as life stage 13839. Although counterintuitive, yet confined only to the white population, adiponectin also associated positively with BMAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content and bone marrow adipose tissue in early-pubertal girls

Newton¹,

Hanks²,

Davis³

et al. 2013

BoneKEy Reports

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Investigation of the physiologic relevance of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) during growth may promote understanding of the bone-fat axis and confluence with metabolic factors. The objective of this pilot investigation was two-fold: (1) to evaluate the relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content (BMC) and femoral BMAT during childhood and underlying metabolic determinants and (2) to determine if the relationships differ by race. Participants included white and non-Hispanic black girls (n=59) ages 4–10 years. Femoral BMAT volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, BMC and body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolic parameters were assessed in the fasted state. Total fat and BMC were positively associated with BMAT; however, simultaneous inclusion of BMC and body fat in the statistical model attenuated the association between BMC and BMAT. Differences in BMAT volume were observed, non-Hispanic black girls exhibiting marginally greater BMAT at age eight (P=0.05) and white girls exhibiting greater BMAT at age ten (P<0.001). Metabolic parameters conferred differential impact by race, such that, a positive association for BMAT and leptin (P=0.02) and adiponectin (P=0.002) in white girls while BMAT and insulin were inversely related in non-Hispanic black girls (P=0.008). Our findings revealed a positive relationship between BMAT, body fat and BMC, although body fat, respective to leptin, contributed partly to the relationship between BMAT and BMC. Despite large differences in total fat between non-Hispanic black and white, the relationship between BMAT and BMC was similar to white girls. However, this relationship appeared to be impacted through different mechanisms according to race.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content and bone marrow adipose tissue in early-pubertal girls

Newton¹,

Hanks²,

Davis³

et al. 2013

BoneKEy Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to its position lateral to the base of the third ventricle and superior to the median eminence, the ARC responds to many circulating factors such as nutrients and hormones. It is currently debated whether there are transporters in the ARC for these nutrients and hormones or if cells within the ARC receives these signals via the median eminence (42–44). The ARC contains separate cells that suppress and activate food intake systems that use these nutrient and hormonal signals to function according to physiologic status.…”

Section: Leptin and Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

A role for leptin-regulated neurocircuitry in subordination stress

Flak

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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The visible burrow system produces a distinct combination of psychological and metabolic stress on, primarily, subordinate individuals that results in pronounced physiologic and behavioral dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying the consequences of chronic subordination stress are largely unknown. The simplest mechanistic explanation is that adaptations within brain systems with overlapping functions of both psychological and metabolic control provide immediate benefits that result in lasting susceptibility to diseases, disorders, and increased mortality rates in subordinates. Circuits regulated by leptin adapt to fluctuating levels of energy storage, such that the loss of leptin action within leptin-regulated neurocircuitry results in dysfunction in physiologic and behavioral systems implicated in the consequences of chronic social subordination. Thus, leptin-regulated neurocircuitry may provide a window into understanding the consequences of social subordination stress. This review examines the neural systems of leptin physiology implicated in social subordination stress: energy balance, motivation, HPA axis, and glycemic control.

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“…We suggested that these changes were associated with increased sensitivity to leptin in the hypothalamus as well as a contribution from insulin. Plasma leptin crosses the blood–brain barrier to activate receptors in the hypothalamus and brainstem ( Dhillon et al, 2001 ) that stimulate the melanocortin system to not only influence appetite but also blood pressure (BP) via SNA ( Burguera and Couce, 2001 ; Shi et al, 2015 ). The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a key area of integration ( Klockener et al, 2011 ; Lim et al, 2016 ) and exposure to an obesogenic environment during early development may program the VMH of adult offspring to exhibit changes in the sensitivity to leptin and insulin, leading to hypertension and sympatho-excitation ( Prior et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Mediates Hypertension in Offspring From Female Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet During Gestation and Lactation

et al. 2021

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Maternal high-fat diet in rabbits leads to hypertension and elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in adult offspring but whether this is due to adiposity or maternal programming is unclear. We gave intracerebroventricular (ICV) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) administration of leptin-receptor antagonist, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), melanocortin-receptor antagonist (SHU9119), or insulin-receptor (InsR) antagonist to conscious adult offspring from mothers fed a high-fat diet (mHFD), control diet (mCD), or mCD offspring fed HFD for 10d (mCD10d, to deposit equivalent fat but not during development). mHFD and mCD10d rabbits had higher mean arterial pressure (MAP, +6.4 mmHg, +12.1 mmHg, p < 0.001) and RSNA (+2.3 nu, +3.2 nu, p < 0.01) than mCD, but all had similar plasma leptin. VMH leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP (−8.0 ± 3.0 mmHg, p < 0.001) in mCD10d but not in mHFD or mCD group. Intracerebroventricular leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP only in mHFD rabbits (p < 0.05). Intracerebroventricular SHU9119 reduced MAP and RSNA in mHFD but only reduced MAP in the mCD10d group. VMH αMSH increased RSNA (+85%, p < 0.001) in mHFD rabbits but ICV αMSH increased RSNA in both mHFD and mCD10d rabbits (+45%, +51%, respectively, p < 0.001). The InsR antagonist had no effect by either route on MAP or RSNA. Hypothalamic leptin receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were greater in mHFD compared with mCD rabbits and mCD10d rabbits. In conclusion, the higher MAP in mHFD and mCD10d offspring was likely due to greater central leptin signaling at distinct sites within the hypothalamus while enhanced melanocortin contribution was common to both groups suggesting that residual body fat was mainly responsible. However, the effects of SHU9119 and αMSH on RSNA pathways only in mHFD suggest a maternal HFD may program sympatho-excitatory capacity in these offspring and that this may involve increased leptin receptor and BDNF expression.

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Leptin access into the brain

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

The relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content and bone marrow adipose tissue in early-pubertal girls

The relationships among total body fat, bone mineral content and bone marrow adipose tissue in early-pubertal girls

A role for leptin-regulated neurocircuitry in subordination stress

Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Mediates Hypertension in Offspring From Female Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet During Gestation and Lactation

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