Leprosy in armadillo handlers

Lumpkin, Lee R.; Cox, Gary F.; Wolf, John E.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(84)80352-7

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…described leprosy in five patients with a history of prolonged contact with armadillos and no known exposure to leprosy patients. In 1984, the same investigators reported a sixth case 4 . Four years later, West et al 5 .…”

Section: Leprosy and The Armadillomentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Some investigators have argued against this hypothesis. Lumpkin et al 4 . cite the finding that the prevalence of armadillos with leprosy in Texas is greater further south towards the Mexican border than near the Louisiana site of the experimental inoculations as evidence against the spread of leprosy‐infected armadillos from the site of experimental inoculation.…”

Section: Leprosy and The Armadillomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that this case provided indirect evidence that the patient acquired leprosy from a leprosy‐infected armadillo. Based on the findings of leprosy infection in wild nine‐banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus ), and on the reports of leprosy in individuals with direct or indirect exposure to armadillos in the absence of known contact with leprosy patients, many have proposed the possibility of transmission of leprosy from armadillos to humans 2–7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the armadillo and sooty mangabey monkey in human leprosy

et al. 2008

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Leprosy in armadillos and sooty mangabeys has been manipulated by human experimentation. In the case of the armadillo, further study, including molecular techniques, is required to elucidate the role of the armadillo as a zoonosis in human leprosy. Experimentation with the sooty mangabey led to the discovery of an interaction between SIV and leprosy in rhesus monkeys, and prompted the continued investigation of the relationship between HIV and leprosy.

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Section: Leprosy and The Armadillomentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Leprosy and The Armadillomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the armadillo and sooty mangabey monkey in human leprosy

et al. 2008

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“…Besides man, only wild nine‐banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcintus) are known to be natural hosts of M. leprae . Several cases of suspected zoonotic transmission from armadillos to humans have been reported . Infected armadillos have been found in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Mexico .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Several cases of suspected zoonotic transmission from armadillos to humans have been reported. [7][8][9][10] Infected armadillos have been found in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Mexico. 11 Whole-genome sequencing of M. leprae from infected wild armadillos and patients with leprosy in the United States has revealed a unique M. leprae genotype (3I-2-v1) that has not been reported elsewhere in the world, lending further evidence to the hypothesis that M. leprae is a zoonosis in this region.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy): Current and Future Pharmacotherapy and Treatment of Disease‐Related Immunologic Reactions

Legendre¹,

Muzny

Swiatlo

2012

Pharmacotherapy

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Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, remains an important public health problem throughout the world, including North America. The causative microbe in Hansen's disease is Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast organism that is difficult to grow in vitro. The nine-banded armadillo is the major animal reservoir in the United States. Manifestations of disease vary based on host immune response and can range from tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy (paucibacillary to multibacillary disease). Hansen's disease typically affects the skin, nerves, and eyes, and patients may present with skin lesions, weakness, numbness, eye pain, or loss of vision. Definitive diagnosis is based on a combination of physical examination findings and skin biopsy and/or smear. Modern antibacterial therapy typically consists of combinations of dapsone and rifampin with or without clofazimine. Clofazimine is available only as an investigational drug through the National Hansen's Disease Program. Other options include moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, minocycline, and clarithromycin. Hansen's disease is associated with type 1 (reversal) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum) immunologic reactions, during which the disease process appears to worsen dramatically. These reactions may occur at any time before, during, or after treatment. Antibacterial therapy should usually be continued during these reactions. Treatment options for these reactions differ based on clinical manifestations and include corticosteroids, thalidomide, pentoxiphylline, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and T cell inhibitors. Prompt diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and treatment of reactions dramatically reduce complications of the disease.

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