Leprosy

Walker, Stephen L.; Lockwood, Dina N.J.

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.05.012

Cited by 139 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These affect the sensitive, motor and autonomic functions of the peripheral nerves, from sensory deprivations, motor limitations and the sweating affecting 50 . In this direction, there is a scenario in evolution, as Sehgal et al 51 present in their data, equally worrisome.…”

Section: The Scenario Of the Complexity And Its Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realities of leprosy control: updating scenarios

Gonçalves

2013

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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In the light of successive therapeutical difficulties for leprosy control, the application of drug therapy combination over the last decades has brought about an expectation of cure for leprosy patients and also for the elimination of this illness as a Public Health problem. However, there has been a progressive reduction in the prevalence of leprosy, but without any apparent impact on transmission, which has led to recognized need for solid assessment of respective epidemiological evidence as grounds for interventions to solve the problem. In this regard, here we present a retroanalytical qualitative and quantitative study, combined with a prospective diachronic approach, based on the association of documental review techniques and analysis of content, involving the following phases in succession: assembly of an operational scheme, execution of search strategy, application of criteria, selection of studies, data extraction and processing, implementation of analysis plan and preparation of final text. The appropriate execution of the procedures, as applied, allows us to obtain and discuss the identification of three main scenarios: the elimination of the illness as a public health problem (Neglected Illness); therapeutic aspects (Resistance; Relapse; Non-Adherence; Persistence) and complexity (complications and physical incapacities). The conclusions that have been reached indicate,mainly, that the reality of leprosy control with the use of combination drug therapy, still needs to be handled with care, even more so as this is just a fragment of the set of people once under medical attention, which also correspond to a parcel of the set of people affected by the ailment.

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Section: The Scenario Of the Complexity And Its Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realities of leprosy control: updating scenarios

Gonçalves

2013

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…[1] At the moment this infection is endemic in more than 15 countries, but about 83% of the cases are in countries like India, Brazil and Burma. [1] In Colombia, according to data from the Ministry of Health, the goal of elimination was reached in 1997 with a prevalence of 1 case per 10,000 inhabitants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hansen’s disease with Lucio’s phenomenon in a country in the post elimination era: A case report

Pardo

Cabeza

Díaz

et al. 2017

CRIM

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Leprosy is defined as a chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin and peripheral nerves caused by the obligate intracellular bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. According to the 2015 World Health Organization reports, there were 587 prevalent cases and 423 new cases, of the latter 73% were multibacillary, predominantly in the departments of Santander and Boyacá (Colombia). Lucio's phenomenon was first described in 1852 by Rafael Lucio, in collaboration with Alvarado. The Lucio's phenomenon is relatively rare and none have been reported in Colombia about it, as reference, in South America, Brazil has reported approximately 11 cases since 2000. We present a rare case of Lucio's phenomenon in a country where leprosy is considered as eradicate which represents a diagnostic challenge, of a disease that continues with increasing incidence rates in a country considered in the post-elimination stage.

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“…Nevertheless, this bacterium has the ability to adapt and survive within different intracellular environments of its human host. This includes infection of the upper respiratory tract, skin and peripheral nerves (Walker & Lockwood, 2007). More importantly, M. leprae can maintain its viability across a spectrum of disease pathology defined by two poles: tuberculoid leprosy that is typified by a dominant Th1 immune response and paucibacillary disease and lepromatous leprosy that presents with a high bacterial load and a nonprotective but robust Th2 immune response (Ridley & Jopling, 1966;Walker & Lockwood, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes infection of the upper respiratory tract, skin and peripheral nerves (Walker & Lockwood, 2007). More importantly, M. leprae can maintain its viability across a spectrum of disease pathology defined by two poles: tuberculoid leprosy that is typified by a dominant Th1 immune response and paucibacillary disease and lepromatous leprosy that presents with a high bacterial load and a nonprotective but robust Th2 immune response (Ridley & Jopling, 1966;Walker & Lockwood, 2007). The chronic nature of leprosy and the ability of M. leprae to adapt to various host environments is contradictory to a bacterium with a degenerative genome, as well as a reduced number of transcription factors and regulatory proteins (Cole et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diguanylate cyclase activity of the Mycobacterium leprae T cell antigen ML1419c

et al. 2016

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The second messenger, bis-(3¢,5¢)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cyclic di-GMP), is involved in the control of multiple bacterial phenotypes, including those that impact host-pathogen interactions. Bioinformatics analyses predicted that Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of leprosy, encodes three active diguanylate cyclases. In contrast, the related pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes only a single diguanylate cyclase. One of the M. leprae unique diguanylate cyclases (ML1419c) was previously shown to be produced early during the course of leprosy. Thus, functional analysis of ML1419c was performed. The gene encoding ML1419c was cloned and expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to allow for assessment of cyclic di-GMP production and cyclic di-GMP-mediated phenotypes. Phenotypic studies revealed that ml1419c expression altered colony morphology, motility and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in a manner consistent with increased cyclic di-GMP production. Direct measurement of cyclic di-GMP levels by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that ml1419c expression increased cyclic di-GMP production in P. aeruginosa PAO1 cultures in comparison to the vector control. The observed phenotypes and increased levels of cyclic di-GMP detected in P. aeruginosa expressing ml1419c could be abrogated by mutation of the active site in ML1419c. These studies demonstrated that ML1419c of M. leprae functions as diguanylate cyclase to synthesize cyclic di-GMP. Thus, this protein was renamed DgcA (Diguanylate cyclase A). These results also demonstrated the ability to use P. aeruginosa as a heterologous host for characterizing the function of proteins involved in the cyclic di-GMP pathway of a pathogen refractory to in vitro growth, M. leprae.

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Leprosy

Cited by 139 publications

References 13 publications

Realities of leprosy control: updating scenarios

Realities of leprosy control: updating scenarios

Hansen’s disease with Lucio’s phenomenon in a country in the post elimination era: A case report

Diguanylate cyclase activity of the Mycobacterium leprae T cell antigen ML1419c

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