Lepiota subincarnata J.E. Lange Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure Presenting with Pancreatitis

Mottram, Allan R.; Lazio, Matthew P.; Bryant, Sean M.

doi:10.1007/s13181-010-0062-1

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Mushroom poisoning, termed mycetism or mycetismus, most commonly ensues after mushrooms are foraged, misidentified and then consumed [1,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The incidence of ingesting wild, toxic mushrooms is increasingly reported [8,21,22].…”

Section: Overview Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children are particularly sensitive to amatoxin [14,37,[89][90][91][92]. Toxophallin is an enzyme that induces chromatin condensation, DNA and nucleus fragmentation, and apoptosis.…”

Section: The Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 20 % of survivors develop immune complex-mediated chronic hepatitis with anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies [29,102,103]. Pancreatitis, prior to the development of fulminant hepatic failure, has been reported after Lepiota subincarnata ingestion [14]. Thrombocytopenia may occur and is generally noted 3 days after ingestion [38].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The renal failure associated with A. phalloides ingestion may ensue after the liver has recovered or after OLT. Renal replacement therapy has been utilized and long-term hemodialysis is occasionally required [14,95,123].…”

Section: Other Nephrotoxic Mushroomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Approximately 100 of the known species of mushrooms are poisonous to humans. New toxic mushroom species continue to be identified. Some species initially classified as edible are later reclassified as toxic. This results in a continually expanding list of toxic mushrooms. As new toxic species are identified, some classic teachings about mycetism no longer hold true. As more toxic mushrooms are identified and more toxic syndromes are reported, older classification systems fail to effectively accommodate mycetism. This review provides an update of myscetism and classifies mushroom poisonings by the primary organ system affected, permitting expansion, as new, toxic mushroom species are discovered.

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Section: Overview Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children are particularly sensitive to amatoxin [14,37,[89][90][91][92]. Toxophallin is an enzyme that induces chromatin condensation, DNA and nucleus fragmentation, and apoptosis.…”

Section: The Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Nephrotoxic Mushroomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…Background α-Amanitin, perhaps the best known deadly mushroom toxin, is distributed in three disjunct genera, including Amanita, Galerina and Lepiota [1][2][3][4][5][6], which belong to distantly related families, namely Amanitaceae [7][8][9][10][11], Strophariaceae [12], and Agaricaceae [13], respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of lethal Lepiota venenata and insights into the evolution of toxin-biosynthetic genes

et al. 2019

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Background: Genomes of lethal Amanita and Galerina mushrooms have gradually become available in the past ten years; in contrast the other known amanitin-producing genus, Lepiota, is still vacant in this aspect. A fatal mushroom poisoning case in China has led to acquisition of fresh L. venenata fruiting bodies, based on which a draft genome was obtained through PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms. Toxin-biosynthetic MSDIN family and Porlyl oligopeptidase B (POPB) genes were mined from the genome and used for phylogenetic and statistical studies to gain insights into the evolution of the biosynthetic pathway. Results: The analysis of the genome data illustrated that only one MSDIN, named LvAMA1, exits in the genome, along with a POPB gene. No POPA homolog was identified by direct homology searching, however, one additional POP gene, named LvPOPC, was cloned and the gene structure determined. Similar to ApAMA1 in A. phalloides and GmAMA1 in G. marginata, LvAMA1 directly encodes α-amanitin. The two toxin genes were mapped to the draft genome, and the structures analyzed. Furthermore, phylogenetic and statistical analyses were conducted to study the evolution history of the POPB genes. Compared to our previous report, the phylogenetic trees unambiguously showed that a monophyletic POPB lineage clearly conflicted with the species phylogeny. In contrast, phylogeny of POPA genes resembled the species phylogeny. Topology and divergence tests showed that the POPB lineage was robust and these genes exhibited significantly shorter genetic distances than those of the housekeeping rbp2, a characteristic feature of genes with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) background. Consistently, same scenario applied to the only MSDIN, LvAMA1, in the genome. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported genome of Lepiota. The analyses of the toxin genes indicate that the cyclic peptides are synthesized through a ribosomal mechanism. The toxin genes, LvAMA1 and LvPOPB, are not in the vicinity of each other. Phylogenetic and evolutionary studies suggest that HGT is the underlining cause for the occurrence of POPB and MSDIN in Amanita, Galerina and Lepiota, which are allocated in three distantlyrelated families.

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Distribution and Taxonomic Variation in the Amanita Cyclic Peptide Toxins

Walton

2018

The Cyclic Peptide Toxins of Amanita and Other Poisonous Mushrooms

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Lepiota subincarnata J.E. Lange Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure Presenting with Pancreatitis

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Genome of lethal Lepiota venenata and insights into the evolution of toxin-biosynthetic genes

Distribution and Taxonomic Variation in the Amanita Cyclic Peptide Toxins

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