Lepidopteran Stem Borer Species Abundance and Associated Damages on Irrigated Kilombero Low Land Rice Ecosystem in Tanzania

January, Bonaventure; Rwegasi, Gration M.; Tefera, Tadele

doi:10.3923/je.2018.28.35

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Farmers who participated in the current study reported having experienced reduced efficacy of some pesticides, hence sprayed their crops repeatedly or at a higher quantity. Previous reports have shown the reduced effectiveness of lambda-cyhalothrin against two species of rice stem borers, mainly Chilo species and Sesania calamistis in irrigated lowland rice ecosystems in the same study area [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Matowo

Tanner

Munhenga

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Unrestricted use of pesticides in agriculture is likely to increase insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Unfortunately, strategies for managing insecticide resistance in agriculture and public health sectors lack integration. This study explored the types and usage of agricultural pesticides, and awareness and management practices among retailers and farmers in Ulanga and Kilombero districts in southeastern Tanzania, where Anopheles mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids. Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was employed. First, a survey to characterize pesticide stocks was conducted in agricultural and veterinary (agrovet) retail stores. Interviews to assess general knowledge and practices regarding agricultural pesticides were performed with 17 retailers and 30 farmers, followed by a survey involving 427 farmers. Concurrently, field observations were done to validate the results. Results: Lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (both pyrethroids) and imidacloprids (neonicotinoids) were the most common agricultural insecticides sold to farmers. The herbicide glyphosate (amino-phosphonates) (59.0%), and the fungicides dithiocarbamate and acylalanine (54.5%), and organochlorine (27.3%) were also readily available in the agrovet shops and widely used by farmers. Although both retailers and farmers had at least primary-level education and recognized pesticides by their trade names, they lacked knowledge on pest control or proper usage of these pesticides. Most of the farmers (54.4%, n = 316) relied on instructions from pesticides dealers. Overall, 93.7% (400) farmers practised pesticides mixing in their farms, often in close proximity to water sources. One-third of the farmers disposed of their pesticide leftovers (30.0%, n = 128) and most farmers discarded empty pesticide containers into rivers or nearby bushes (55.7%, n = 238). Conclusion: Similarities of active ingredients used in agriculture and malaria vector control, poor pesticide management practices and low-levels of awareness among farmers and pesticides retailers might enhance the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. This study emphasizes the need for improving awareness among retailers and farmers on proper usage and management of pesticides. The study also highlights the need for an integrated

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Matowo

Tanner

Munhenga

et al. 2020

Malar J

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show abstract

“…Farmers who participated in the current study reported having experienced reduced e cacy of some pesticides, hence sprayed their crops repeatedly or at a higher quantity. Previous reports have shown the reduced effectiveness of lambda-cyhalothrin against two species of rice stem borers, mainly Chilo species and Sesania calamistis in irrigated lowland rice ecosystems in the same study area [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Patterns of pesticides usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Matowo

Tanner

Munhenga³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Unrestricted use of pesticides in agriculture is likely to increase insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Unfortunately, strategies for managing insecticide resistance in agriculture and public health sectors lack integration. This study explored the types and usage of agricultural pesticides, and awareness and management practices among retailers and farmers in Ulanga and Kilombero districts in south-eastern Tanzania, where Anopheles mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids. Methods An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was employed. First, a survey to characterise pesticide stocks was conducted in agricultural and veterinary (agrovet) retail stores. Interviews to assess general knowledge and practices regarding agricultural pesticides were performed with 17 retailers and 30 farmers, followed by a survey involving 427 farmers. Concurrently, field observations were done to validate the results. Results Lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (both pyrethroids) and imidacloprids (neonicotinoids) were the most common agricultural insecticides sold to farmers. The herbicide glyphosate (amino-phosphonates) (59.0%), and the fungicides dithiocarbamate and acylalanine (54.5%), and organochlorine (27.3%) were also readily available in the agrovet shops and widely used by farmers. Although both retailers and farmers had at least primary-level education and recognised pesticides by their trade names, they lacked knowledge on pest control or proper usage of these pesticides. Most of the farmers (54.4%, n=316) relied on instructions from pesticides dealers. Overall, 93.7% (400) farmers practised pesticides mixing in their farms, often in close proximity to water sources. One-third of the farmers disposed of their pesticide leftovers (30.0%, n=128) and most farmers discarded empty pesticide containers into rivers or nearby bushes (55.7%, n = 238). Conclusion Similarities of active ingredients used in agriculture and malaria vector control, poor pesticide management practices and low-levels of awareness among farmers and pesticides retailers might enhance the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. This study emphasises the need for improving awareness among retailers and farmers on proper usage and management of pesticides. The study also highlights the need for an integrated approach, including coordinated education on pesticide use, to improve the overall management of insecticide resistance in both agricultural and public health sectors.

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“…) and irrigated lowland rice in Kenya (Kega, Kasina, Olubayo, & Nderitu, 2017). It is second to C. partellus in abundance in both rain-fed and irrigated lowland rice ecosystems of Tanzania (Leonard & Rwegasira, 2015;January et al, 2018b). It is widely distributed in Mbeya, Morogoro, Mwanza, Shinyanga and Zanzibar Regions of Tanzania (Banwo, 2002).…”

Section: Occurrence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is native to Asia where it is a pest of maize and sorghum in India and Pakistan (Polaszek, 1998). It is the major stem borer among stem borers reported in Tanzania (Leonard & Rwegasira, 2015;January et al, 2018b). It was first reported from Africa in the 1930s and became established in East Africa in the 1950s (Seshu Reddy, 1983).…”

Section: Occurrence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stem borers are considered as the major problem in almost all the rice-growing area in African countries (Nwilene et al, 2013). They are major field insect pests of rice with high economic importance in Tanzania (Leonard & Rwegasira, 2015;January, Rwegasira, & Tefera, 2018b). They are primarily from two insect orders: Lepidoptera (Noctuidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae) and Diptera of Diopsidae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice stem borer species in Tanzania: a review

January

Rwegasira

Tefera³

2020

JoBAZ

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Rice is an important cereal crop and is cultivated virtually in all agro-ecological zones in Tanzania. However, production capacity is far below the national requirement. One of the major reasons for the low yields of rice in Tanzania is damage by insect pests, particularly rice stem borers. Four rice stem borer species reported to infest rice crop in Tanzania includes the white stem borer, Maliarpha seperatella Ragonot, African pink borer, Sesamia calamistis Hamson, spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe and stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis thoracica Westwood. Inappropriately, the potential for proper management of these stem borers to enhance yield has not been fully realized due to limited information available for the respective stem borer species. Proper management of rice stem borers, therefore, is a prerequisite for enhanced and sustainable rice production among smallholder farmers that epitomize the rice production industry in Tanzania. In this review, rice stem borers were reviewed with emphasis on occurrence and distribution, nature of damage, biology and life cycle, host plant and management options.

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Lepidopteran Stem Borer Species Abundance and Associated Damages on Irrigated Kilombero Low Land Rice Ecosystem in Tanzania

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Patterns of pesticides usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Rice stem borer species in Tanzania: a review

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