Lepidoptera. Chapter 11

Lopez‐Vaamonde, Carlos; Agassiz, David J. L.; Augustin, Sylvie; Prins, Jurate De; Prins, Willy De; Gomboc, Stanislav; Ivinskis, Povilas; Karsholt, Ole; Κουτρούμπας, Αθανάσιος; Koutroumpa, Fotini; Laštůvka, Zdeněk; Marabuto, Eduardo; Olivella, Elisenda; Przybyłowicz, Łukasz; Roques, Alain; Ryrholm, Nils; Šefrová, Hana; Šima, Peter; Sims, Ian M.; Sinev, Sergey Yu.; Skulev, Bjarne; Tomov, R.; Zilli, Alberto; Lees, D. R.

doi:10.3897/biorisk.4.50

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These moths have been largely understudied, even though many species are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants (Lopez‐Vaamonde et al . ). Research on gracillariid systematics has been conducted mainly in Europe (Bengtsson & Johansson ), Asia (Kumata ), and North America (Davis & Deschka ), although recent efforts initiated further documentation of these moths in the Afrotropical (De Prins et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf‐mining moths in the Neotropics

Lees

Kawahara

Rougerie³

et al. 2013

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Higher taxa often show increasing species richness towards tropical low latitudes, a pattern known as the latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG). A rare reverse LBG (with greater richness towards temperate high latitudes) is exhibited by Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths, in which most described species occur in northern temperate areas. We carried out the first assessment of gracillariid species diversity in two Neotropical regions to test whether the relatively low tropical species diversity of this family is genuine or caused by insufficient sampling and a strong taxonomic impediment. Field surveys in six French Guianan and one Ecuadorian site produced 516 gracillariid specimens that were DNA barcoded to facilitate identification and to match larvae inside leaf mines with adults. Species delineation from sequence data was approximated using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Refined Single Linkage Analysis through the Barcode Index Number system, and the proportion of described/undescribed species was estimated after comparison with types of 83% of described species. Locally, alpha-diversity far exceeds that of any known temperate fauna, with as many as 108 candidate species (59.3% as singletons) collected at one site, and with an estimated species richness lower bound of 240 species. Strikingly, at least 85% of the species collected as adults were found to be undescribed. Our sampling represents the most thorough survey of gracillariid species diversity in the Neotropics to date and the results from both our molecular and morphological analyses indicate that the current reverse LBG seen in this group is an artefact of insufficient sampling and a strong description deficit in the Neotropics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf‐mining moths in the Neotropics

Lees

Kawahara

Rougerie³

et al. 2013

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…The predatory Harlequin ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis, has invaded most of Europe since its discovery in 1991 in Belgium (Brown et al 2011 ). Several species associated with palm trees, such as the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the palm moth, Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), have also expanded their ranges rapidly across the Mediterranean Basin since the early 2000s (Sauvard et al 2010 ;Lopez-Vaamonde et al 2010 ), as did the gall makers, Ophelimus maskelli and Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) , and the psyllids, Acizzia jamatonica and Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae; Mifsud et al 2010 ;Bella and Rapisarda 2013 ) associated with Eucalyptus. In contrast, for unknown reasons some species have not spread at all since their establishment, despite apparently favourable conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years

Roques¹,

et al. 2016

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Globalization is triggering an increase in the establishment of alien insects in Europe, with several species having substantial ecological and economic impacts. We investigated long-term changes in rates of species spread following establishment. We used the total area of countries invaded by 1171 insect species for which the date of first record in Europe is known, to estimate their current range radius (calculated as [invaded area] /π). We estimated initial rates of radial spread and compared them among different groups of insects for all years (1800-2014) and for a subset of more recent decades . Accidentally introduced species spread faster than intentionally introduced species. Considering the whole period 1800-2014, spread patterns also differ between feeding guilds, with decreasing spread rates over residence time in herbivores but not in detritivores or parasitic species. These decreases for herbivorous species appeared mainly in those associated with herbaceous plants and crops rather than woody plants. Initial spread rate was significantly greater for species detected after 1990, roughly 3-4 times higher than for species that arrived earlier. We hypothesize that the political changes in Europe following the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989, and the further dismantling of customs checkpoints within an enlarged European Union (EU) have facilitated the faster spread of alien insect species. Also, the number of species first recorded in the Eastern Bloc of the politically-divided Europe before 1989 was lower than for the rest of Europe. A detailed analysis of six recent invaders indicated a dominant role of long-distance translocations related to human activities, especially with the plant trade, in determining rates of spread. AQ1

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“…In Europe, G. molesta was first recorded in Slovenia in 1920 [10], in southeastern France and much of north-central Italy in the early 1920s [11], and has since dispersed throughout eastern, southern and western Europe, where stone fruit trees are grown. It is commonly assumed that the species was introduced to North America via a fruit shipment to Washington D.C. from Japan around 1913 [12], however this assumption is based on the anecdotal report of a single G. molesta specimen recovered from a shipment of Japanese pears [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide population genetic structure of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), a globally invasive pest

2013

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BackgroundInvasive pest species have large impacts on agricultural crop yields, and understanding their population dynamics is important for ensuring food security. The oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta is a cosmopolitan pest of stone and pome fruit species including peach and apple, and historical records indicate that it has invaded North and South America, Europe, Australia and Africa from its putative native range in Asia over the past century.ResultsWe used 13 microsatellite loci, including nine newly developed markers, to characterize global population structure of G. molesta. Approximately 15 individuals from each of 26 globally distributed populations were genotyped. A weak but significant global pattern of isolation-by-distance was found, and G. molesta populations were geographically structured on a continental scale. Evidence does not support that G. molesta was introduced to North America from Japan as previously proposed. However, G. molesta was probably introduced from North America to The Azores, South Africa, and Brazil, and from East Asia to Australia. Shared ancestry was inferred between populations from Western Europe and from Brazil, although it remains unresolved whether an introduction occurred from Europe to Brazil, or vice versa. Both genetic diversity and levels of inbreeding were surprisingly high across the range of G. molesta and were not higher or lower overall in introduced areas compared to native areas. There is little evidence for multiple introductions to each continent (except in the case of South America), or for admixture between populations from different origins.ConclusionsCross-continental introductions of G. molesta appear to be infrequent, which is surprising given its rapid worldwide expansion over the past century. We suggest that area-wide spread via transport of fruits and other plant materials is a major mechanism of ongoing invasion, and management efforts should therefore target local and regional farming communities and distribution networks.

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Lepidoptera. Chapter 11

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf‐mining moths in the Neotropics

DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf‐mining moths in the Neotropics

Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years

Worldwide population genetic structure of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), a globally invasive pest

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