Leonide

Abstract

This article presents the longitudinal trilingual corpus of young learners of Italian, German and English called LEONIDE. The corpus consists of L1, L2 and L3 learner texts. L1 texts were written in two languages of schooling (i.e. Italian and German), L2 texts in two languages learned as second languages (i.e. German and Italian), and L3 texts in an additional foreign language (i.e. English). All texts were collected from a group of lower secondary school pupils from the multilingual Italian province of South Tyrol whose development in all three languages was observed over a period of three years. Each text comes with rich metadata as well as manual and automatic annotations.

The CELI corpus: Design and linguistic annotation of a new online learner corpus

“…In the case of KOLIPSI (Glaznieks et al, in preparation), the texts were attributed to proficiency levels by professional CEFR raters, while in the case of MERLIN_IT (Boyd et al, 2014) they derived from language certification exams. In the cases of VALICO (Corino et al, 2017) and LEONIDE_IT (Glaznieks et al, 2022), no explicit proficiency levels are recorded. As for the balancing criteria, we can see that these are either non-existent (CORITE, KOLIPSI, VALICO), or alternatively refer to time spent studying Italian (CAIL2), number of learners per level (COLI), number of texts/learners per data collection point (LEONIDE_IT, LOCCLI), and number of texts per CEFR level (MERLIN_IT).…”

“…In the case of KOLIPSI (Glaznieks et al, in preparation), the texts were attributed to proficiency levels by professional CEFR raters, while in the case of MERLIN_IT (Boyd et al, 2014) they derived from language certification exams. In the cases of VALICO (Corino et al, 2017) and LEONIDE_IT (Glaznieks et al, 2022), no explicit proficiency levels are recorded.…”

Exploring the Grammatical Development of Multilingual Learners of English: A Corpus-Based Perspective

“…Since the corpus building and corpus exploration started to be on the rise, this scientific tradition has been extended to educational contexts with the establishment of learner corpora -a specific type of corpus that collects learners' language(s). A significant number of learner corpora have been built for various purposes, such as the Arabic Learner Corpus [15], the Barcelona English Language Corpus [16], a longitudinal trilingual corpus of young learners of Italian, German and English or LEONIDE [17], and many more highly influential English-based learner corpora being discussed in the following section.…”

Šolar, the developmental corpus of Slovene

“…It also underlines the challenges and unresolved issues of compiling developmental corpora, most notably the lack of openly available tools and standards for different steps of the compilation process.Overall, the Šolar corpus offers valuable insights into language learning and teaching, contributing to teacher training, empirical studies in applied linguistics, and natural language processing tasks.written by students from the rst ve years of elementary school (Marconi et al, 1993) a collection of 2,500 essays written by students from the rst year of different high schools in Rome (Borghi, 2013). LEONIDE, a longitudinal corpus documenting the writing development of lower secondary school students in Italian, German, and English, contains 2,512 texts from the multilingual Italian province of South Tyrol (Glaznieks et al, 2022).Newer language resources include The Icelandic Error Corpus (Arnardóttir et al, 2021), which consists of modern Icelandic texts annotated for spelling, grammar, and other errors. It comprises 176 essays written by high school students aged 16-20.…”

“…written by students from the rst ve years of elementary school (Marconi et al, 1993) a collection of 2,500 essays written by students from the rst year of different high schools in Rome (Borghi, 2013). LEONIDE, a longitudinal corpus documenting the writing development of lower secondary school students in Italian, German, and English, contains 2,512 texts from the multilingual Italian province of South Tyrol (Glaznieks et al, 2022).…”