Length of use and symptoms associated with premature removal of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a nation‐wide study of 17,360 users

Backman, Tiina; Huhtala, Sakke; Blom, Taru; Luoto, Riitta; Rauramo, Ilkka; Koskenvuo, Markku

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13228.x

Cited by 100 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Many women experience unscheduled vaginal spotting/bleeding in the first 3-6 months of use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) [45,46]. In a UK study [46], 10% of new users of the LNG-IUS ceased use by the end of the first year because of bleeding complaints.…”

Section: Iatrogenic (Aub-i)mentioning

confidence: 99%

FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age

Munro

Critchley

Broder

et al. 2011

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

1,230

917

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There is general inconsistency in the nomenclature used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in addition to a plethora of potential causes-several of which may coexist in a given individual. It seems clear that the development of consistent and universally accepted nomenclature is a step toward rectifying this unsatisfactory circumstance. Another requirement is the development of a classification system, on several levels, for the causes of AUB, which can be used by clinicians, investigators, and even patients to facilitate communication, clinical care, and research. This manuscript describes an ongoing process designed to achieve these goals, and presents for consideration the PALM-COEIN (polyp; adenomyosis; leiomyoma; malignancy and hyperplasia; coagulopathy; ovulatory dysfunction; endometrial; iatrogenic; and not yet classified) classification system for AUB, which has been approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Executive Board as a FIGO classification system.

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Section: Iatrogenic (Aub-i)mentioning

confidence: 99%

FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age

Munro

Critchley

Broder

et al. 2011

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

1,230

917

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Excessive or irregular bleeding has been shown to be the major adverse factor related to patient compliance leading to removal of the LNG-IUS (12,17). It was suggested that if the LNG-IUD fails to reduce menstrual blood loss, the presence of uterine pathology, mostly intracavitary fibroids, should be suspected (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device insertion ameliorates leiomyoma-dependent menorrhagia among women of reproductive age without a significant regression in the uterine and leiomyoma volumes

Naki

Tekcan

Özcan

et al. 2010

Fertility and Sterility

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“…Some of the factors that could have possibly increased the incidence of expulsion might include problematic patients with severe dysfunctional uterine bleeding, pre-insertion manipulation e.g. hysteroscopy and associated endometrial pathology [23,24] . The rate of expulsion with LNG-IUS is significantly higher in women with adenomyosis 9.1-11.1 % and uterine leiomyomata 14.5 -15.8 % compared to 3.6 -4.6 % in normal uterus (p = 0.008) [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Levonorgestrel-Releasing System (Metraplant-E) in the Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Hussein

Rashid

Azzam

et al. 2018

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is one of the commonest condition for which patient seeks out medical consultation. The prevalence increases with the increase of age peaking before menopause. Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of this new form of levonorgestrel-releasing IUD on the treatment of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Subjects and methods: A prospective age-specific comparative analysis of 61 peri-menopausal women presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding who constituted the study group. They underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling during an 18 months period from June 2014 to January 2016 at Ain Shams University Materity Hospital. Prior to metraplant-E application, all the patients in this study were in the age of 25-58 years old. Results: The role of Metraplant-E in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was evaluated. Sixty-one women with failed attempt(s) of medical treatment unwilling or unfit for hysterectomy were treated with Metaplant-E. Menstrual blood loss was assessed by pictoral bleeding assessment chart (PBAC), bleeding index (B.I) and total bleeding score (T.B.S/month). The bleeding patterns in the form of the mean menstrual blood loss estimated by bleeding index and the mean menstrual loss estimated by the total bleeding score/month and PBAC decreased significantly (p = 0.001). The quality of life scale (Likert scale) improved significantly (p = 0.001). All 15 cases who had endometrial sampling demonstrated progestational effect on histo-pathological examination. Conclusion: Metraplant-E was found to be effective in managing dysfunctional menorrhagia on both clinical and histopathological levels. Keywords: Metraplant-E, LNG-IUS, Menorrhagia, Contraceptives INTRODUCTIONDysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is one of the commonest condition for which patient seeks out medical consultation. The prevalence increases with the increase of age peaking before menopause. The peri-menopausal women who have anovulatory cycle resulting in DUB. The normal menstrual cycle is defined as having a mean interval of 28 ± 7 days with a men duration of 4 ± 3 days. The upper limit of normal menstruation is 80 ml per menstruation. Any deviation from the normal cycle and the amount of loss is regarded as abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is one of the commonest causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. It is defined as heavy and/or irregular menstruation in the absence of detectable pelvic pathology, pregnancy or general bleeding disorder. It affects 20 to 30 % of women and accounts for 12 % of gynecological referrals. DUB can be ovulatory or anovulatory. Anovulatory DUB occurs at extreme reproductive age (adolescence and peri-menopausal age)

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Length of use and symptoms associated with premature removal of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a nation‐wide study of 17,360 users

Abstract: The continuation rate of the LNG IUS compares favourably with other long-acting contraceptive systems. Totally or occasionally absent menstruation was strongly associated with prolonged continuation.

Cited by 100 publications

References 17 publications

FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age

FIGO classification system (PALM‐COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device insertion ameliorates leiomyoma-dependent menorrhagia among women of reproductive age without a significant regression in the uterine and leiomyoma volumes

The Use of Levonorgestrel-Releasing System (Metraplant-E) in the Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

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