Lending cycles

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with ion trap and triple quadrupole analyzers for determination of thyreostatic drugs in urine and muscle tissue

“…Administration of thyreostats to livestock causes increases in the live weight of animals prior to slaughter, although this mainly results from an increased filling of the gastro-intestinal tract and augmented water retention within edible tissue [2]. The meat derived from the treated animals is therefore of a lower quality, moreover, may contain residues harmful to human health [3]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) some compounds of this group possess carcinogenic and teratogenic properties [4].…”

Finite Mixture and Markov Switching Models

“…Estimation is carried out using MCMC methods. For K = 1, this model reduces to the panel data Markov switching model that has been applied to analyze the lending behavior of banks over the business cycle (Asea and Blomberg, 1998;Kaufmann, 2002):…”

“…Estimation of model (12.36) may be carried out using the EM algorithm (Asea and Blomberg, 1998) or MCMC methods (Kaufmann, 2002;Frühwirth-Schnatter and Kaufmann, 2006a).…”

Specification Testing of Markov Switching Models*

“…Hamilton (1996) set out general methods in the tradition of the first category, defining a set of extended models and then using the scores of these extended models as the basis of specification tests. But there have been only a few applications of his methods; exceptions include Hamilton and Perez‐Quiros (1996), Asea and Blomberg (1998), Driffill and Sola (1998) and Layton and Smith (2000). One reason for this low level of application might be the fact that, in practice, MS models fitted to data are often more complex than those specifically dealt with by Hamilton (1996) 1 .…”