Lemon Oil Composition, Isolation and Identification of Aldehydes in Cold-Pressed Lemon Oil

Abstract

The direct -effect of the free fatty acids themselves on flavor and aroma would depend on the kind of acids liberated. The metabolic liberation of fatty acids to supply energy in the depleted live pig may produce a pattern of acids different from that produced by autolysis in post-mortem fat. Relation of fat acidity to depletion was evident from the following observation. In the 14 back fat samples having acid numbers above 0.40, the liver glycogen values in milligrams per gram were distributed as follows: 7 at 2 or lower; 2 at 4 to 8; 3 at 12; and 2 at 25. In the 16 samples having acid numbers below 0.25, the liver glycogen values were: 13 at 41 to 97; lat28; and 2 at 12 to 14.A scattergram for fat flavor and acid numbers after a 24-week frozen storage (Figure 2) gave a strikingly different pattern from that shown in Figure 1. At that time, traces of peroxide had appeared in only four samples, but the flavor had deteriorated so far that 81% of the points were located in the region comparable to area D (Figure 1). Free fatty acid had increased 50 to 100% in most samples.

Determination of the Relative Concentrations of the Major Aldehydes in Lemon, Orange and Grapefruit Oils by Gas Chromatography a,b

“…1) was used in developing the optimum conditions for tile analytical procedure. These aldehydes are in major concentration in lemon oil (3). Purity of the individual aldehydes was determined by the method of Fritz et al (1).…”

Determination of Volatile Flavour Profiles of Citrus spp. Fruits by SDE‐GC–MS and Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Compounds by MDGC–MS

“…f. (lemon) is also used in medicine, perfumery, beverages and cooking. The C. limon oil consists of citronellal, neral, geranial, and linear aliphatic aldehydes (Ikeda et al ., ; Naef and Jaquier, ).…”

The Discovery of Citral-Like Thiophenes in Fried Chicken

“…Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) is composed of two isomers, geranial and neral, that are found in many natural products, most notably lemons, 1 verbena, 2 and lemongrass. 3 It is described as having a sharp, lemon, sweet character and contributes to the fresh, citrusy attributes in many beverage applications.…”

“…NMR spectra were recorded at 26.8 °C in deuterated chloroform (containing 0.05% v/v tetramethylsilane) on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz or a Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer (Billerica, MA, USA), with 5 mm BBO probes. 1 H chemical shifts are expressed as parts per million (ppm) with residual chloroform (δ 7.26) or tetramethylsilane (δ 0.00) as a reference and are reported as chemical shift (δH), relative integral, multiplicity (s = singlet, br = broad, d = doublet, t = triplet, higher multiplicities as e.g. dd = doublet of doublets, m = multiplet), and coupling constants (J) reported in Hz.…”