Lemierre syndrome: report of five new cases and literature review

Weeks, David F.; Katz, Douglas S.; Saxon, Penny; Kubal, Wayne S.

doi:10.1007/s10140-010-0858-y

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is common in dental plaque (Bolstad et al 1996;Ximenez-Fyvie et al 2000), and there is a well-established association between F. nucleatum and periodontitis (Signat et al 2011). Anecdotally, F. nucleatum has been found to cause cerebral abscesses (Kai et al 2008) and pericarditis (Han et al 2003), and it is one of the Fusobacterium species responsible for Lemierre's syndrome, a rare form of thrombophlebitis (Weeks et al 2010). More recently, various Fusobacteria including F. nucleatum have been implicated in acute appendicitis, where they have been found by immunohistochemistry (IHC) as epithelial and submucosal infiltrates that correlate positively with severity of disease (Swidsinski and Ismail 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma

Castellarin

Warren²,

Freeman³

et al. 2011

Genome Res.

1,653

1,344

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An estimated 15% or more of the cancer burden worldwide is attributable to known infectious agents. We screened colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue specimens using RNA-seq followed by host sequence subtraction and found marked over-representation of Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences in tumors relative to control specimens. F. nucleatum is an invasive anaerobe that has been linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, but not to cancer. Fusobacteria are rare constituents of the fecal microbiota, but have been cultured previously from biopsies of inflamed gut mucosa. We obtained a Fusobacterium isolate from a frozen tumor specimen; this showed highest sequence similarity to a known gut mucosa isolate and was confirmed to be invasive. We verified overabundance of Fusobacterium sequences in tumor versus matched normal control tissue by quantitative PCR analysis from a total of 99 subjects ( p = 2.5 3 10 -6), and we observed a positive association with lymph node metastasis.[Supplemental material is available for this article.] There are variations on the method, but the basic approach involves shotgun sequencing bulk DNA or RNA isolated from disease tissue, computational subtraction of all sequence reads recognized as human, and comparison of the residual reads to databases of known microbial sequences in order to identify microbial species present in the initial specimen. The method is complementary to traditional culture and histolology-based protocols, and new massively parallel sequencing technologies impart high sensitivity. At present the power of the method remains restricted by the content of microbial sequence databases, but with our increasing reach into microbial sequence space, the comprehensiveness of these data resources continues to improve. In oncology, the identification of a novel polyomavirus in Merkel Cell carcinoma (Feng et al. 2008) is a recent demonstration of the utility of a metagenomics approach.Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths, responsible for approximately 610,000 deaths per year worldwide (World Health Organization 2011). It is also one of the first and best genetically characterized cancers, and specific somatic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been found that are associated with progression from adenomatous lesions (polyps) to invasive carcinoma (Vogelstein et al. 1988). The root cause of CRC is unclear, but inflammation is a well-recognized risk factor (Wu et al. 2009;McLean et al. 2011). Given the link between H. pylori-mediated inflammation and gastric cancer (Marshall and Warren 1984), we asked if inflammatory microorganisms are associated with other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We began to address this question by undertaking a metagenomic survey of colorectal carcinoma. ResultsTotal RNA was isolated from frozen sections of 11 matched pairs of colorectal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue specimens. RNA was purified by host ribosomal sequence depletion, rather than poly(A) selection, in order to re...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma

Castellarin

Warren²,

Freeman³

et al. 2011

Genome Res.

1,653

1,344

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ultrasonography does not require radiation exposure and can be performed easily, but is limited to certain areas and may miss a new thrombus. CT and MRI allow visualization of a thrombus in a vein and changes in surrounding tissues, and these methods are particularly useful for diagnosis (1,7,12). In the present case, expansion of the vein and thrombus were evident in ultrasonography and CT, and extension of inflammation to the surrounding tissue was detected by MRI, resulting in identification of the source of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Internal Jugular Thrombophlebitis Caused by Dermal Infection

et al. 2011

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A 29-year-old man presented with complaints of fever and pain and itching of his left neck with atopic dermatitis and abrasion. These symptoms had persisted for two days and dullness and fever developed, but the patient did not consult a physician. On the following day, he had a fever of 40 and redness and swelling of the left neck. He visited a local clinic and was hospitalized with suspected cellulitis. A thrombus was detected in the internal jugular vein on MRI, and he was referred to our hospital. Neck ultrasonography showed the presence of an immovable thrombus in the area from the left internal jugular vein to the left brachiocephalic peripheral vein. Blood analysis indicated a major inflammatory response and juvenile idiopathic thrombophlebitis was suspected. A filter was carefully inserted into the superior vena cava, and anticoagulant therapy and medication with antibiotics led to remission. We present this case as a rare example of a condition mimicking Lemierre syndrome that was caused by dermal infection, and we include a review of the literature.

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“…typically to the lungs. 13 On contrast-enhanced CT, nonopacification of a vessel indicates thrombosis and fat stranding within the carotid space, which suggests an infection (Fig. 13A).…”

Section: The Carotid Spacementioning

confidence: 98%

“…"Given the relatively low incidence of LS and its potentially confusing clinical manifestations, recognition of imaging findings consistent with the diagnosis may be crucial to rendering a timely diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy, and the radiologist may be the initial physician to suggest or establish the diagnosis." 13 Infection involving the cervical course of the carotid artery can lead to dire consequences. These infections are often associated with comorbidities such as prior surgery and/or prior radiation for a head and neck neoplasm.…”

Section: The Carotid Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Face and Neck Infections

Kubal¹

2015

Radiologic Clinics of North America

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Lemierre syndrome: report of five new cases and literature review

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma

Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma

Internal Jugular Thrombophlebitis Caused by Dermal Infection

Face and Neck Infections

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