Lekking birds in a tropical forest forego sex for migration

Boyle, W. Alice; Guglielmo, Christopher G.; Hobson, Keith A.; Norris, D. Ryan

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0115

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…, Boyle et al. ). Males that migrate to lower elevations after the breeding season tend to experience both lower social status and reduced mating success in the following breeding season in a clear trade‐off between survival and reproductive success (Boyle et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Males that migrate to lower elevations after the breeding season tend to experience both lower social status and reduced mating success in the following breeding season in a clear trade‐off between survival and reproductive success (Boyle et al. ). Alpha males that are residents at higher elevations have longer courtship displays, vocalize more, have larger groups of subordinate males than do migrant alpha males, and have enhanced reproductive benefits in the following season (Boyle et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha males that are residents at higher elevations have longer courtship displays, vocalize more, have larger groups of subordinate males than do migrant alpha males, and have enhanced reproductive benefits in the following season (Boyle et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

2017

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Altitudinal migration is the seasonal altitudinal movement of birds from breeding areas to non‐breeding or wintering areas at different elevations. Although this type of migration is widely reported, questions remain concerning the number of species that perform altitudinal migration, possible variation among different taxa and geographic locations in the extent of altitudinal migration, and the foraging guilds of altitudinal migrants. We conducted an extensive bibliographic survey and compiled a list of altitudinal migrant birds worldwide. We characterized species in terms of their foraging guilds because the spatial distribution of food resources along altitudinal gradients is often evoked as a driver of bird altitudinal migration. We identified 1238 species of altitudinal migrants, ~10% of the ~10,000 extant species of birds. We found a strong geographic bias in publications focusing on avian altitudinal migration toward the United States and Costa Rica, and a paucity of studies in megadiverse regions such as the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms, and areas in the Neotropics other than Costa Rica. We also found that most species of altitudinal migrants were invertivores rather than frugivores or nectarivores. This general pattern held true for all zoogeographic realms except the Neotropics, where nectarivores and frugivores predominated among altitudinal migrants. The prevalence of invertivore birds among altitudinal migrants is not unexpected because this is the most common foraging guild among birds worldwide. Overall, we found no prevalence of any specific foraging guild among altitudinal migrants across zoogeographic regions. The results of studies to date suggest that altitudinal migration by birds may be driven by a number of factors, including access to increased food resources for breeding or molting, weather conditions, and mating and nesting opportunities. However, to better understand the mechanisms underlying altitudinal migration, broadening the geographic scope of studies is paramount, with additional study of altitudinal migration especially needed in the megadiverse tropical regions of sub‐Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

2017

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“…Arrival timing in the lowlands varies annually, and is synchronous with deterioration of weather conditions (Boyle et al 2010). Isotopic evidence from two years varying in wet‐season severity indicate that a greater proportion of individuals migrated (and/or remained in lowland areas for longer) during the wetter year (Boyle et al 2011b). Individuals respond to storms on physiological levels by elevating hormones associated with stress (i.e.…”

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Short‐distance partial migration of Neotropical birds: a community‐level test of the foraging limitation hypothesis

Boyle

2011

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Partial migration of tropical birds was long believed to be driven by variation in food abundance. Recent evidence from a partially‐migratory species suggests that in contrast, limited foraging opportunities at high elevations during severe wet season storms drives the most metabolically‐challenged individuals down to elevations where rainfall is lighter. Here, I test community‐level predictions of this hypothesis by examining the relationship between high‐elevation rainfall in the second half of the year and counts of migrant birds in lowland forest during late December each year from 1990–2009. I contrast results derived from analysis of all migrant species with both analyses of only the frugivorous migrants, and analyses of resident species. Counts of migrant species were on average positively associated with montane rainfall with differences of up to 72% in the numbers of birds counted in drier or wetter years. Frugivores and smaller birds responded more strongly to variation in rainfall compared to the broader migrant species pool. Interestingly, counts of resident species were also higher following wetter montane wet seasons. Results of analyses exploring the cause of resident responses were not consistent with climatic effects on breeding productivity or short‐term weather effects on detectability. Results were, however, consistent with cryptic down‐slope migration of individuals breeding at higher elevations augmenting lowland resident populations in wet years. These results suggest that changes in rainfall amount, storm intensity, and timing of severe weather events would lead to large increases in or losses of an important behaviour.

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“…This has been found to be true also for altitudinally migrating tropical birds [16], [22], [29], [30]. In such cases, where a population is partially migratory, emphasis has been placed on determining differences between migrants and non-migrants [29], [31], [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Altitudinal Migration of a Himalayan Forest Pheasant

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAltitudinal migration systems are poorly understood. Recent advances in animal telemetry which enables tracking of migrants across their annual cycles will help illustrate unknown migration patterns and test existing hypotheses. Using telemetry, we show the existence of a complex partial altitudinal migration system in the Himalayas and discuss our findings to help better understand partial and altitudinal migration.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used GPS/accelerometer tags to monitor the migration of Satyr tragopan (Tragopan satyra) in the Bhutan Himalayas. We tagged 38 birds from 2009 – 2011 and found that tragopans are partially migratory. Fall migration lasted from the 3rd week of September till the 3rd week of November with migrants traveling distances ranging from 1.25 km to 13.5 km over 1 to 32 days. Snowfall did not influence the onset of migration. Return migration started by the 1st week of March and lasted until the 1st week of April. Individuals returned within 4 to 10 days and displayed site fidelity. One bird switched from being a migrant to a non-migrant. Tragopans displayed three main migration patterns: 1) crossing multiple mountains; 2) descending/ascending longitudinally; 3) moving higher up in winter and lower down in summer. More females migrated than males; but, within males, body size was not a factor for predicting migrants.Conclusions/SignificanceOur observations of migrants traversing over multiple mountain ridges and even of others climbing to higher elevations is novel. We support the need for existing hypotheses to consider how best to explain inter- as well as intra-sexual differences. Most importantly, having shown that the patterns of an altitudinal migration system are complex and not a simple up and down slope movement, we hope our findings will influence the way altitudinal migrations are perceived and thereby contribute to a better understanding of how species may respond to climate change.

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Lekking birds in a tropical forest forego sex for migration

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

Short‐distance partial migration of Neotropical birds: a community‐level test of the foraging limitation hypothesis

Partial Altitudinal Migration of a Himalayan Forest Pheasant

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