Leisure-time physical activity and type 2 diabetes during a 28 year follow-up in twins

Waller, Katja; Kaprio, Jaakko; Lehtovirta, Mikko; Silventoinen, Karri; Koskenvuo, Markku

doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1875-9

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…We estimated the shared genetic influence of BMI and type 2 diabetes to be 19%, which indicates that these traits are, in part, influenced by the same genes. This confirms findings based on Finnish, Indian and Australian twins [6][7][8]. There are some potential pleiotropic genes, including the FTO gene, which has been linked to BMI as well as type 2 diabetes [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This suggests that the strong genetic influence of physical activity (57%) is related to genes that are essentially different from those related to type 2 diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, the shared genetic component of physical activity and type 2 diabetes has not been estimated previously, but these findings are supported by a report from the Finnish Twin Cohort [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…No corresponding estimates were reported for physical activity, but it was suggested that the association with type 2 diabetes is largely independent of genetic influence [6]. Only two other studies, based on a small number of twins, have addressed these issues [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared genetic influence of BMI, physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a twin study

et al. 2013

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the long-term associations of BMI and physical activity with type 2 diabetes, and to estimate shared genetic components of these traits. Methods We used data from the Swedish Twin Registry on 23,539 twins born 1886-1958 who answered questionnaires between 1967 and 1972 and were followed up until 1998. The risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to BMI and physical activity was assessed by Cox regression. Structural equation models were used to estimate genetic and environmental variance components and genetic correlations. Results The risk of type 2 diabetes increased with BMI (HR 1.32 [95% CI 1.29, 1.35] per kg/m 2 ) and decreased with physical activity (HR 0.56 [95% CI 0.39, 0.80] for high vs low). Heritability was estimated to be 77% (95% CI 54%, 83%) for type 2 diabetes, 65% (95% CI 58%, 73%) for BMI, and 57% (95% CI 47%, 67%) for physical activity. The genetic correlation with type 2 diabetes was 0.43 (95% CI 0.31, 0.58) for BMI and −0.23 (95% CI −0.46, 0.02) for physical activity, implying that 18% (95% CI 9%, 34%) of the genetic influence on type 2 diabetes is shared with BMI and 5% (95% CI 0%, 20%) with physical activity. Conclusions/interpretation Indications of shared genetic effects are found for BMI and type 2 diabetes, which suggests that these traits are partly influenced by the same genetic factors. In contrast, our findings suggest that the genes related to physical activity are essentially different from those associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Shared genetic influence of BMI, physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a twin study

et al. 2013

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“…30 In line with this, a 28-year follow-up of 8182 Finnish twin pairs showed significant reductions (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.37 --0.78) in the risk for Type 2 diabetes in twin pair members that had been physically active during the whole of their adult lives compared with consistently inactive co-twins. 32 Intensive substudies of these physical activity discordant twins further revealed that although the physically inactive (79.5 ± 18.4 kg) and active twins (72.9 ± 11.9 kg) had only small differences in body weight, the inactive twins had 170% more liver fat and 54% more intramuscular fat than the active twins. 33 Thus, the value of physical activity should not be judged only by its' effects on body weight.…”

Section: Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

et al. 2011

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Obesity is a genetically complex disorder that produces a myriad of health problems. Most of the recognized complications of obesity are not only strongly influenced by lifestyle factors, but also present with independent genetic predispositions that are notoriously difficult to disentangle in humans. Most studies on the causes and consequences of acquired obesity are encumbered by the incomplete ability to control for genetic influences. However, utilizing a unique experiment of nature, namely monozygotic twins (MZ) discordant for obesity as 'clonal controls' of obese and non-obese individuals has enabled the fine characterization of the effects and possible antecedents of acquired obesity while controlling for the genetic background, as well as pointed to novel obesity predisposing candidate genes. This review is a distillation of the findings from more than 10 years of research done in an exceptionally well-characterized collection of MZ and dizygotic (DZ) twins, based on the Finnish Twin Cohorts. Topics covered include the nature of development of obesity from the childhood onwards, the role of exercise in modifying the genetic susceptibility, the resulting inflammatory, prediabetic and preatherosclerotic changes in whole body and adipose tissue physiology, as well as the newest insights provided by the omics revolution. Keywords: adipose tissue; inflammation; liver fat; insulin resistance; BMI; metabolic syndrome INTRODUCTION Across time people have been fascinated by monozygotic (MZ) twins and their striking similarities in appearance, behavior as well as aspects of health and disease. In mythology, twins are often described as two halves of a whole, or alternatively as polar opposite representations of good and evil. MZ twins result from the early splitting of a single zygote and thereby are identical at the level of DNA sequence (precluding somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications and other genetic changes), whereas dizygotic (DZ) twins result from two different ova being fertilized by two separate sperm and share on average 50% of their segregating genes---just as ordinary siblings in a family. Most of the early genetic research into the heritability and variance of human traits was based on measuring the differences in within-pair correlations of various phenotypic traits between pairs of MZ and DZ twins. In addition to complex, continuous phenotypes such as height, weight and aspects of personality where MZ twins exhibit a high degree of similarity, MZ twins are nearly always concordant for Mendelian genetic diseases. Studying cases where MZ twins present with differences in the manifestation (onset, severity, response to treatment, and so on) of Mendelian diseases has helped to uncover disease mutations as well as broadened the clinical spectrum of diseases previously thought to be more uniform in presentation (Reviewed by Zwijnenburg et al., 2010). 1 Recently discordant MZ twins have also been utilized in the hunt for polymorphisms contributing to complex traits such as obesity. 2 Twin studies ha...

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“…It may also be noted that the categorization of inactive and active participants was not completely consistent with current physical activity recommendations [5,6] due to the limitations of the questionnaire. On the other hand, among the predominantly obese population at high risk of type 2 diabetes (for whom any increase in PAL is of great benefit), it seems reasonable to use lower cut-off point for categorizing the participants' PAL [33]. A general point to note is that the results of this study are based on the classification defined in the Methods section and should be interpreted accordingly.…”

Section: Determinants Of Overestimation Of Palmentioning

confidence: 95%

Perceived Sufficiency of Physical Activity Levels Among Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The FIN-D2D Study

et al. 2012

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Poskiparta, M. (2012). Perceived sufficiency of physical activity levels among adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The FIN-D2D study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21 (1), 99-108. doi:10.1007/s12529-012-9285-7 2012 Final Draft International Journal of Behavioral MedicinePerceived sufficiency of physical activity levels among adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The FIN-D2D study Purpose. This study assessed the determinants of perceived physical activity levels (PALs) among adults at high risk of diabetes, and the associations with self-reported physical activity. Methods. In total, 10,149 adults participated in the FIN-D2D lifestyle intervention at baseline. Opportunistic screening was used in identifying high risk individuals. Physical activity and perceived PAL sufficiency were assessed and compared. Key risk factors for diabetes and psychosocial and demographic characteristics were analyzed as determinants using logistic regression. Results. PAL sufficiency was rated realistically by 73% of men and 75% of women. Perception of sufficient PAL was more likely among individuals with a smaller waist circumference, a higher level of perceived fitness, and no exercise intention. In men, a higher age, and in women, a lower education, and a lower occupational status, also Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems Corporationincreased the likelihood of perceiving PAL as sufficient. Out of all the participants, 65% of men and 66% of women were inactive. Among the inactive participants, 20% (men) and 16% (women) overestimated their PAL sufficiency. In both genders such overestimation was predicted by dyslipidemia, a lower waist circumference, a higher level of perceived fitness, and no exercise intention; also (among men) by a higher age and a family history of diabetes, and (among women) by a lower occupational status, and a lower BMI. Conclusions. In diabetes prevention, it is important to recognize the groups that perceive their PAL as sufficient, since they may not see increased PAL as a tool for decreasing their risk of diabetes.Response to Reviewers: Dear Editor and Reviewer #1, Thank you for your comments regarding our manuscript. We are pleased to hear the manuscript is ready to be accepted with minor changes. We have made the corrections as suggested, please see below;1) The last referee comment (item 9) about content and presentation of Associate Editor -could the authors please add the total N of participants in each category of each independent variable, for both men and women, to Table 2 (i.e., two new columns preceding the % columns, indicating the number of participants in each category).Authors' comment: We have now added new columns with the total N of participants (men and women) in each category.To be more reader-friendly, we have now also defined family history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, waist-circumference in the footnotes of each table. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationCovering p...

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Leisure-time physical activity and type 2 diabetes during a 28 year follow-up in twins

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Shared genetic influence of BMI, physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a twin study

Shared genetic influence of BMI, physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a twin study

Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

Perceived Sufficiency of Physical Activity Levels Among Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The FIN-D2D Study

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