Leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum infection) in dogs

Gharbi, Mohamed; Mhadhbi, Moez; Rejeb, Ahmed; Jaouadi, Kaouther; Rouatbi, Mariem; Darghouth, Mohamed Aziz

doi:10.20506/rst.34.2.2384

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…They then evolve into the amastigote form, where reproducing asexually and continuously in macrophages until rupture occurs. The parasites spread by invading mononuclear phagocytes in many organs, mostly spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph node, and other tissues [ 7 , 42 – 47 ].…”

Section: Transmission and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the prognosis and to avoid both human and dog transmission (from false negative cases) and unnecessary euthanasia (from false-positive cases), diagnosis should be established as soon as possible, even on the basis of only a few or even a single clinical sign [ 42 ]. The diagnosis is made considering the epidemiological origin and the set of clinical signs presented by the dog [ 91 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the decision to treat a diseased dog is the result of a discussion between the dog owner and the veterinarian. An important factor analyzed is the owner's ability and/or willingness to comply with the treatment protocol [ 42 ], in addition to the assessment of the dog's potential responsiveness to therapy by a complete serologic, hematologic, and biochemical profile and urine analysis in order to evaluate, principally, the bone marrow and renal and hepatic status. According to the literature, the clinical response to treatment can vary from poor to good depending on their overall initial clinicopathological status and their specific response to therapy.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control

Ribeiro

Michalick

Silva

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

115

100

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Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum and is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies primarily between animals and secondarily to humans. The course of infection may be different from one individual dog to another, ranging from spontaneous cure to acute evolution that leads to death, if proper management and therapy are not adopted. A parasitological cure is rarely achieved and clinical recurrences in CanL are frequent. Vaccination associated with the use of topical insecticides is undoubtedly the most effective form of prevention and control of the disease. In order to integrate the most important scientific knowledge of the literature in one objective publication, this review proposes a short overview of the main points of CanL.

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Section: Transmission and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control

Ribeiro

Michalick

Silva

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

115

100

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“…Even if congenital and sexual transmission have been demonstrated, the main route of transmission of the parasite among dogs, and from dogs to humans, is the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies [ 5 , 6 ]. CVL is a multisystemic disease usually characterized by chronic progression with cutaneous and visceral clinical signs which become more and more evident as the infection progresses [ 7 ]. Enlargement of lymph nodes, dermal and ocular lesions, splenomegaly, pale mucous membrane, and weight loss are the main clinical findings [ 8 , 9 ], whereas the most common laboratory abnormalities are hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, anemia, azotemia, and proteinuria [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological Features of Canine Myocarditis Associated withLeishmania infantumInfection

Costagliola

Piegari

Otrocka-Domagała

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Myocarditis associated with infectious diseases may occur in dogs, including those caused by the protozoa Neospora caninum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis, and Hepatozoon canis. However, although cardiac disease due to Leishmania infection has also been documented, the immunopathological features of myocarditis have not been reported so far. The aim of this study was to examine the types of cellular infiltrates and expression of MHC classes I and II in myocardial samples obtained at necropsy from 15 dogs with an established intravitam diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Pathological features of myocardium were characterized by hyaline degeneration of cardiomyocytes, necrosis, and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages, sometimes with perivascular pattern; fibrosis was also present in various degrees. Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells was performed by immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections obtained from the heart of the infected dogs. The predominant leukocyte population was CD8+ with a fewer number of CD4+ cells. Many cardiomyocytes expressed MHC classes I and II on the sarcolemma. Leishmania amastigote forms were not detected within macrophages or any other cell of the examined samples. Our study provided evidence that myocarditis in canine visceral leishmaniasis might be related to immunological alterations associated with Leishmania infection.

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“…For serology, dog blood should be drawn from the cephalic vein to facilitate collection; however, other blood vessels, including the jugular and saphenous veins, may also be used. It is important to take samples for culture, which can also be obtained by puncturing the popliteal lymph node; this sampling requires, removal of hair from the sampling area and good skin scraping [40].…”

Section: Study Of Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

Vélez¹,

Carrillo²,

Cadena³

et al. 2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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The study of transmission foci involves the clinical characterization of disease within a focus using active surveillance of human cases, characterization of the population group that is most frequently infected or at highest risk of becoming infected, diagnosis and treatment of infected people and identiication of the conceptions, atitudes, beliefs and practices related to the disease. An entomological survey is necessary to determine the geographical distribution of species and incrimination of vector species, the ecological characteristics of the zone (macro-focus), times of the year and day of highest biting activity and places in homes in which the most frequent contact between the people and the vectors occurs. A survey of peri-domestic and wild mammals in the area is advisable to try to identify potential reservoir hosts. Using this information, it is feasible to design speciic and accurate prevention and efective, rational and economic control measures and deine the times of the year and locations in which these measures must be applied.In this chapter, a description of the application of the eco-epidemiological method to the study of leishmaniasis transmission foci is provided. A special emphasis is placed on the methodology, multidisciplinary work and analysis of indings.

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Leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum infection) in dogs

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control

Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control

Immunopathological Features of Canine Myocarditis Associated withLeishmania infantumInfection

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

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