Leishmaniosis

Baneth, Gad; Petersen, Christine A.; Solano‐Gallego, Laia; Sykes, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-50934-3.00096-3

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 319 publications

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“…Visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is very variable, being able to evolve from very severe symptomatic forms to asymptomatic or mild forms classified as oligosymptomatic. The clinical picture includes anaemia, lymphadenopathy, alopecia, diarrhoea, weight loss, onychogryphosis, locomotor problems, epistaxis, conjunctivitis, muscle atrophy, polyuria, polydipsia [92][93][94], the range of clinical symptoms being connected to the genetic makeup and immune response of individual animals, which can have a direct impact on their vulnerability or resistance to infection [95]. A big problem for public health, especially in Brazil, is represented by dogs without clinical manifestations, which represent a reservoir in nature, being an infestation source for vectors [96,97].…”

Section: Immunological Response In Visceral Leishmaniasis In the Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune Response in Canine and Human Leishmaniasis and How This Influences the Diagnosis- a Review and Assessment of Recent Research

Martinescu¹

2023

Preprint

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Laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis remains a major challenge, demonstrating variable efficacy in detecting infected mammalian hosts. Thus, there is a great need for the accuracy of the identification of appropriate antigens to also improve diagnostic tests. This review brings to the fore the sensitivity of the balance in canine and human leishmaniasis, which greatly influences the progression of the disease and especially the diagnostic methods. The problem of diagnosis arises in asymptomatic leishmaniasis, since in these conditions the methods considered as reference in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis no longer show certainty, being influenced for the most part by the immune response of the host, which is different according to the presence of other associated diseases or even according to the breed, when we talk about dogs. Consequently, the diagnosis and surveillance of leishmaniasis cases remains an open topic, with the need for new methods adapted to the immunological status of the host.

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Section: Immunological Response In Visceral Leishmaniasis In the Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune Response in Canine and Human Leishmaniasis and How This Influences the Diagnosis- a Review and Assessment of Recent Research

Martinescu¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Leishmaniosis is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by Leishmania infantum, characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including respiratory issues such as coughing and nasal discharge [6]. Clinical lung involvement in leishmaniosis is considered rare [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical lung involvement in leishmaniosis is considered rare [7]. These respiratory symptoms often stem from the systemic spread of the infection to the lungs, leading to secondary respiratory complications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Leishmaniosis Associated with Acute Pleural Effusion and Sudden Death in a Dog

Brito,

Sousa,

Sampaio

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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A two-year-old female crossbreed dog, previously a stray with no known owner, was adopted and subsequently spayed. The dog exhibited weight loss over a period of two months and died suddenly during a leashed walk. Upon necropsy, enlargement of the submandibular, prescapular, and popliteal lymph nodes was noted. The intrathoracic cavity contained a substantial volume of yellowish-white fluid. Lymph nodes in the mediastinal and ventral thoracic centers were also enlarged, hemorrhagic, and friable. Microscopic examination revealed significant architectural changes in the lymph nodes, characterized by a pronounced cellular infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes, along with macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymph nodes confirmed positive staining for Leishmania amastigotes. This case represents the first report of canine leishmaniasis associated with acute pleural effusion and sudden death.

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“…The parasite Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), listed as one of the most lethal and neglected tropical diseases globally ( 18 , 19 ). Amastigotes systemically infect the host, causing chronic stimulation of the phagocytic mononuclear system and conferring an immune-mediated character to the pathogenesis of lesions ( 16 ), which is directly related to the clinical manifestations ( 20 , 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infected dogs may present with subclinical or systemic diseases, whose clinical signs often include anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, and skin lesions ( 20 ). In addition, other organs and tissues, such as the thyroid gland ( 22 ), heart ( 23 ), liver, and kidneys ( 24 ), as well as the CNS ( 25 ), can be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic hypophysitis in dogs infected with Leishmania spp.

Frigerio,

Guizelini,

Jussiani

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundMorphological involvement of endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, remain uninvestigated in dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of amastigotes of Leishmania spp. and characterized inflammatory changes, highlighting the involvement of TCD3+ lymphocytes in different regions of the pituitary gland of dogs.MethodsSamples were collected from 21 naturally infected dogs and 5 control, uninfected dogs. The different pituitary regions were analyzed in histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) under light microscopy. Inflammation was classified by intensity in a score from 0 to 3, absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and marked (3). The immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation was performed in five high-power fields (hot spot) in a 40x objective of each region with manual counting (Image J1.52ª) of the TCD3+ lymphocytes and for amastigotes analyzed in 40x and 100x objectives. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. Differences between groups were determined by the Mann Whitney test. The correlation between variables was assessed by Sperman’s correlation test. p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAmastigotes from the pituitary glands of two infected dogs were identified using IHC. The histopathological evaluation stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed greater intensity of inflammation in the pars distalis and pars intermedia regions of infected dogs. IHC for TCD3+ lymphocytes showed a higher median number of immunolabeled cells in pars nervosa in the infected group than in the control group (p < 0.05); and expecting a variation in the distribution and number of these cells in naturally infected dogs, the median of the control group was considered a cut-off point, an increase in T lymphocytes (p < 0.05) was also observed in the pars intermedia and pars distalis of an infected subgroup (n = 10). A moderate significant correlation between the intensity of inflammation and the number of immunolabeled TCD3+ lymphocytes was established in the analyzed pituitary regions, characterizing the occurrence of hypophysitis.ConclusionThese findings presuppose that inflammation and/or the parasite in the pituitary region can result in gland dysfunction, worsening the clinical condition of the patient and compromising the efficiency of treatment and prognosis.

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Leishmaniosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 319 publications

The Immune Response in Canine and Human Leishmaniasis and How This Influences the Diagnosis- a Review and Assessment of Recent Research

The Immune Response in Canine and Human Leishmaniasis and How This Influences the Diagnosis- a Review and Assessment of Recent Research

Canine Leishmaniosis Associated with Acute Pleural Effusion and Sudden Death in a Dog

Lymphocytic hypophysitis in dogs infected with Leishmania spp.

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