The
need to develop new alternatives for antimalarial treatment
is urgent. Herein, we report the synthesis and antimalarial evaluation
of a small library of synthetic 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid (3-APA)
analogs. First, the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. The most active compound 5c was selected for optimization of its antimalarial properties.
An in silico approach was used based on pure ab initio electronic
structure prediction, and the results indicated that a substitution
of the hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom could favor a more stable
complex with heme at a molecular ratio of 2:1 (heme/3-APA halogenated).
A new fluorinated 3-APA analog was synthesized (compound 7), and its antimalarial activity was re-evaluated. Compound 7 exhibited optimized antimalarial properties (P. falciparum IC50 = 2.5 μM), low
genotoxicity, capacity to form a more stable heme/3-APA complex at
a molecular ratio of 2:1, and conformity to RO5. The new compound,
therefore, has great potential as a new lead antimalarial agent.