Leishmaniasis: effect of enalaprilat on the production of (ON) and cytokines in vitro

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is neglected diseases; the drugs used have significant toxic effects that compromise patient compliance, and increased loss of efficacy due to increased resistant infectious strains. Assays on Swiss mice infected with Leishmania brasiliensis and treated with Angiotensin-Suppressing Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed that, in addition to the classical effects on the cardiovascular system, some of these inhibitors had effects on nonhemodynamic, immunomediated functions such as cytokine production. In this study, the effect of enalaprilate on nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokines were evaluated, i.e., interleukins-10 and 12 and IFN-γ in J774 A.1 macrophages infected by Leishmania braziliensis. Enalaprilate demonstrated in vitro immunomodulatory capacity, increasing the release of NO to induce IL-12 and IFN-γ also decreasing il-10 release.

Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps

“…The in vitro administration of enalapril to murine macrophages infected with L. braziliensis increased NO, IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α production by macrophages while reducing the levels of IL-10. 117 The hypothetical scenario where enalapril favors both reducing the permissive environment and limiting the expansion of the permissive niches would be beneficial in the treatment of leishmaniasis and the prevention of relapse. More importantly, the use of a drug available in more than 100 countries worldwide such as enalapril 159 would be an ideal and affordable treatment to be deployed in the field in Leishmania- endemic areas.…”