Leishmaniasis and autoimmune diseases in pediatric age

Nozzi, Manuela; Torto, Marianna Del; Chiarelli, Francesco; Breda, Luciana

doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.08.004

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Its under-reporting rate was estimated as 2 to 4 times that in Iran, bringing the actual number of the disease to between 142 and 284 persons in the country (28). Leishmaniasis, particularly its visceral type, may be associated with clinical symptoms that cause false diagnosis as an autoimmune disease and other blood diseases such as malignant lymphoma (33, 34). This issue in turn could be one of the reasons for the under-reporting of this disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dalys) Attributable to Leishmaniasis In Iran, 2013

Heydarpour

Sari

Mohebali

et al. 2016

Ethiop J Health Sci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dalys) Attributable to Leishmaniasis In Iran, 2013

Heydarpour

Sari

Mohebali

et al. 2016

Ethiop J Health Sci

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“…Although manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis associated with immune responses to Leishmania are thought to mimic autoimmune diseases, other hypotheses suggest that molecular mimicry between Leishmania antigens and host antigens is to blame, causing cross‐reactivity. Such infestation is associated with high rheumatoid factor and ANA titers . Further supporting this hypothesis is the observation that cross‐reactivity between antibodies against Leishmania histones and those against human histones can range from 49% to 63%, depending on the protein subtype .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Such infestation is associated with high rheumatoid factor and ANA titers. 21 Further supporting this hypothesis is the observation that cross-reactivity between antibodies against Leishmania histones and those against human histones can range from 49% to 63%, depending on the protein subtype. 22 It has been proposed that parasitic infestation with…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus presenting in twins

Montuno

Church

Schoch

et al. 2018

Pediatric Dermatology

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Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a clinically distinct form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, with age of onset typically in the second to fifth decades. Eleven cases have been reported in childhood, and we present the first known case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in identical twins. Although flares are typically photo-induced, we present an annular eruption typical of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with concurrent pinworm infestation, with recurrence of disease with cutaneous larva migrans. The patient's identical twin had a similar eruption with pinworm infection. This case highlights the possibility of parasitic infestation as a trigger for subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in genetically susceptible individuals.

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“…Laboratory tests typically show pancytopenia that may be confused with leukaemia, viral infections (parvovirus B19) and autoimmune disorders 34 53. In children anaemia is more pronounced and white cell counts may be higher 54.…”

Section: Laboratory and Radiological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic

Zijlstra¹

2016

Arch Dis Child

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL or kala-azar) is most endemic in Asia and Africa and commonly affects young children. It is usually caused by Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum that are transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Transmission may be anthroponotic or zoonotic or both, depending on the endemic area. Clinical features include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia. Younger age, malnutrition and immunosuppression (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressive drugs) are risk factors. Many infections remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of the Leishmania parasite in aspirates of lymph node, bone marrow or spleen. Serological tests such as rK39 strip test are widely used but the sensitivity varies. qPCR is useful to detect low numbers of parasites and to monitor treatment. Treatment is with AmBisome monotherapy in most areas but with drug combinations elsewhere. HIV co-infected patients are most difficult to treat and often relapse. Control efforts focus on case finding, availability of diagnostic tools, reservoir control and protection from sand flies (insecticides, bed nets). There is no human vaccine.

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Leishmaniasis and autoimmune diseases in pediatric age

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dalys) Attributable to Leishmaniasis In Iran, 2013

Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dalys) Attributable to Leishmaniasis In Iran, 2013

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus presenting in twins

Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic

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