Leishmania tropica isolates from non-healed and healed patients in Iran: A molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis

Bamorovat, Mehdi; Sharifi, Iraj; Mohammadi, Mohammad Ali; Eybpoosh, Sana; Nasibi, Saeid; Aflatoonian, Mohammad Reza; Khosravi, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.021

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The phylogenetic analysis of isolates obtained from patients in Qale‐Shahid also indicated high similarity with other regional L. tropica genotypes in southeastern Iran (Bamorovat et al, ; Ramezany et al, ). The present findings demonstrated that the causative parasite species was L. tropica of a single clone that had circulated through the bite of the female sand fly, Phlebotomus sergenti in an anthroponotic life cycle as previously identified in nearby areas (Aghaei et al, ; Yaghoobi‐Ershadi, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The present findings demonstrated that the causative parasite species was L. tropica of a single clone that had circulated through the bite of the female sand fly, Phlebotomus sergenti in an anthroponotic life cycle as previously identified in nearby areas (Aghaei et al, ; Yaghoobi‐Ershadi, ). Although L. tropica possesses the greatest heterogenic diversity among the Leishmania species (Bamorovat et al, ; Banuls, Hide, & Prugnolle, ; Fakhar et al, ; Ramezany et al, ; Schönian et al, ), the homogeneity of these isolates could possibly be due to a single source of infection disseminated by the bites of the vector from human‐to‐human transmission in the affected areas. Further investigation on vectors and risk‐related factors is essential to control the disease properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous risk determinants have contributed to the recent rise in transmission, the incidence of cases and expansion to new geographical ranges. These include environmental changes, anthropogenic modifications, population displacement, climate change, global conflict, poor standards of living and drug resistance (Aflatoonian et al, ; Bamorovat, Sharifi, Aflatoonian, et al, ; Bamorovat et al, ; Desjeux, ; Nikonahad et al, ; Oliaee et al, ). In the presence of such pre‐existing risk factors, CL has become a dynamic disease, as has been documented by several reports (Bailey et al, ; Karimkhani et al, ; WHO, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis into rural areas of southeastern Iran: Clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic profiles explored using 7SL high resolution melting‐PCR analysis

Razavinasab

Sharifi

Aflatoonian

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has increased remarkably in Iran and has expanded into new areas. The present study aimed to assess the emerging CL outbreak in southeastern Iran using high resolution melting-polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR) and phylogenetic analysis using the 7SL RNA gene marker. A cross-sectional and analytical survey was conducted during a house-to-house census of 11,021 inhabitants in Narmashir County in southeastern Iran in 2016. The cases were detected by direct smear microscopic examination and sequencing and were characterized using the 7SL RNA gene. All age groups and sexes were equally affected. Most were single lesions (70.7%). The hands (55.2%) and face (37.9%) were the main sites of involvement.The disease was more common among illiterate persons. Sequencing and HRM-PCR revealed that Leishmania tropica (accession no. MH632168 Qale-Shahid) was the principal causative agent of anthroponotic CL (ACL) in new areas of expansion. This is the first emergence of ACL in rural areas of Narmashir County. Based on the molecular data, the causative parasite species confirmed to be L. tropica. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that a single clone of the organism derived from a single source has spread into the affected villages. Construction of a main road, population movement and recent urbanization in the area are likely the major factors associated with the establishment of this new outbreak. This study was essential to enable the planning of effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures to control the disease. K E Y W O R D S cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemic, HRM-PCR, Iran, Leishmania tropica | 1603 RAZAVINASAB et Al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis into rural areas of southeastern Iran: Clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic profiles explored using 7SL high resolution melting‐PCR analysis

Razavinasab

Sharifi

Aflatoonian

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Over the past two decades, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods targeting different genes have been successfully used to detect and characterize Leishmania species directly in clinical specimens and also for taxonomic, epidemiologic, population genetic and phylogenetic analyses [18][19][20][21][22]. In addition, the refined characterization of a gene is carried out through sequencing for spatial distribution and molecular identification [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution and molecular characterization for cutaneous leishmaniasis species by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of kDNA and ITS1 loci markers in south-eastern Iran

Ramezany

Sharifi

Babaei

et al. 2018

Pathogens and Global Health

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This study aimed to explore geographic distribution and molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) species by amplifying two popular markers in kinetoplast DNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 loci by nested-PCR, and characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Findings demonstrated that two species co-existed in the province: L. tropica (88.5%) and L. major (11.5%). All gender and age groups were equally infected, although males, 21-30 years old, exhibited a significantly higher infection. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of 34 randomly selected samples showed that L. tropica isolates exhibited some degree of heterogeneity. Both anthroponotic CL and zoonotic CL are present in south-eastern Iran with predominance of L. tropica species. Some level of heterogeneity was observed in L. tropica isolates which possibly reflects different colonies in the area. Implementation of diagnostic tools directly from clinical samples could be an important strategic approach for exploration of spatial distribution, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses.

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“…In Iran, L. major strains causing CL showed genetic diversity, microscopical manifestation in human lesions correlated with the genetic heterogeneity of the parasite [3]. Genetic characteristics of the parasite such as the relationship between polymorphism in interleukin 4 gene promoter and CL clinical manifestation [4] or the molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates from healing, and nonhealing patients [5] can be helpful in the assessment of the patient's response to treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cytokine Genes in Leishmania major-Infected BALB/c Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Navard

Rezvan

Haddad

et al. 2020

JoMMID

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Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease with a high rate of prevalence worldwide. No effective vaccine is now available for CL, and the current chemotherapy ensues serious side effects. The potency of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in immunomodulatory and wound healing have shown promise for the treatment of CL. Methods: In the present study, BALB/c mice were infected with leishmania major promastigotes and then injected with 1×10 6 MSCs at the lesion sites. After 10, 20, and 30 days, the lesion size in MSC-treated mice was measured and compared with that of controls received only PBS. Also, expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines were assayed in lesions, neutrophils, spleen, and liver of both test and control groups using RT-PCR. Result: The lesion size significantly reduced in MSC-treated mice by day 30. Soon after the treatment, the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 genes, but not IL-4 was observed in the spleen and liver of the MSC-treated mice. In neutrophils of this group, only the TNF-α gene was expressed. Conclusion: our study exhibited the useful role of MSCs in the treatment of CL, which can open a new window to Leishmania research.

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Leishmania tropica isolates from non-healed and healed patients in Iran: A molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Expansion of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis into rural areas of southeastern Iran: Clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic profiles explored using 7SL high resolution melting‐PCR analysis

Expansion of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis into rural areas of southeastern Iran: Clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic profiles explored using 7SL high resolution melting‐PCR analysis

Geographical distribution and molecular characterization for cutaneous leishmaniasis species by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of kDNA and ITS1 loci markers in south-eastern Iran

Expression of Cytokine Genes in Leishmania major-Infected BALB/c Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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