Leishmania Infection: Laboratory Diagnosing in the Absence of a “Gold Standard”

Rodríguez-Cortés, Alhelí; González-Ojeda, Alejandro; Francino, Olga; López-Fuertes, Laura; Timón, Marcos; Alberola, Jordi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0366

Cited by 64 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An important source of bias in IFAT may be the interpretation of the different patterns of fluorescence that can be observed. Regarding this aspect, previous papers can be divided in four groups: 1): papers that do not report any consideration about this aspect [3] [4] [5]; 2): papers that consider "positive" only the samples in which the parasites show homogeneous green fluorescence [6]; 3): papers that consider "positive" the samples showing either cytoplasmatic or membrane fluorescence [7] [8] [9]; 4): papers that consider "positive" the samples showing homogeneous green fluorescence of the total promastigotes (body plus flagellum) [10]. Despite of this fact and to the best of our knowledge, there are no papers reporting a description of the different patterns of fluorescence that can be obtained by IFAT employing "in house" prepared antigen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Fluorescence in the Quantisation of anti-Leishmania Infantum Antibodies by Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) in the Serological Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis

Santoro¹,

Vellusi²

2017

OJVM

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Although Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT), performed employing "in house" prepared antigen, is considered by several authors as the golden standard for the quantisation of anti-leishmania antibodies in dogs, there is a lack of papers reporting a description of the different patterns of fluorescence that can be observed. An incorrect identification of patterns of fluorescence may be an important source of bias in the interpretation of results. Previous papers report different criteria to define as "positive" a specific pattern of fluorescence, namely: membrane fluorescence, homogeneous fluorescence of the body, or homogeneous fluorescence of the body plus flagellum. In this paper, we report a detailed description of preparation of slides and of the patterns of fluorescence that can be obtained employing "in house" prepared antigen. At least six main patterns of fluorescence may be observed: 1): homogeneous cytoplasmatic green fluorescence; 2): membrane pattern, in which the fluorescence is mainly localized along the entire perimeter of the parasites; 3): coarse-speckled cytoplasmatic fluorescence; 4): flagellar pattern, in which the fluorescence is localized exclusively onto the flagellum; 5): punctiform pattern, in which the fluorescence is localized exclusively at the basis of the flagellum; 6): nuclear pattern, in which only the nucleus of the parasite shows a homogeneous green fluorescent. The significance of each pattern is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Fluorescence in the Quantisation of anti-Leishmania Infantum Antibodies by Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) in the Serological Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis

Santoro¹,

Vellusi²

2017

OJVM

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“…CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, Central and South America and parts of Asia [2]. CanL diagnosis has been a matter of discussion in the literature, not only because the clinical manifestation of CanL is highly variable with various atypical forms, but also because of the absence of a diagnostic gold standard [3]. Nevertheless, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) is considered an important reference method among serological techniques by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE-Office International des Epizooties) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of molecular diagnosis in a dog vaccinated against leishmaniasis

Ceccarelli¹,

Galluzzi²,

Diotallevi³

et al. 2016

Vet Med Anim Sci

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“…As leishmanioses são doenças endêmicas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais podendo apresentar-se como zoonose ou antropozoonose, esta última, quando o homem atua como reservatório no ciclo de transmissão do parasito (Monteiro et al, 2005) e assumem importância epidemiológica mundial, por afetarem milhões de pessoas e ser endêmicas em 88 países e quatro continentes e é considerada a terceira mais importante doença transmitida por vetores, depois da malária e filariose linfática (Rodríguez-Cortés et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Leishmaniose visceral na cidade de Valença do Piauí: um problema de saúde pública

Filho¹,

Batista²,

Alves³

et al. 2015

Pubvet

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RESUMO:A leishmaniose visceral é causada pela Leishmania chagasi no Brasil. É uma doença que vem dizimando a população canina de zonas rurais e urbanas e apresenta grande importância para saúde pública por ser uma zoonose que traz grandes problemas e sequelas para o homem. O aparecimento de casos humanos de leishmaniose visceral na cidade de Valença do Piauí levou a essa investigação sobre a incidência da doença em cães. Realizou-se exames clínicos e sorológico pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) de 190 cães. O total de animais sororeagentes, foram 102 no bairro Novo Horizonte e 65 no Valencinha. Foram selecionados 50 animais com maior número de sinais clínicos, apresentando titulação de anticorpo variando 1:40 a 1:320 além de animais negativos. A confirmação da presença de Leishmania nos animais selecionados foi através da punção de medula óssea e aspirado de linfonodo poplíteo. O material coletado foi semeado em meio de cultura Neal, Novy, Nicolle (NNN) enriquecido com Schneider's. Após semeadura, procederam-se três leituras a cada cinco dias e, observouse a presença de promastigotas de Leishmania em 16 amostras. Os achados comprovaram a infecção por Leishmania nos animais dos bairros em estudo, o que caracteriza que, nesta região, dada a presença de raposas em matas peri domiciliares e de vetores flebotomíneos, fecha-se o ciclo silvestre e urbano desta zoonose. Daí a necessidade de conscientizar a população sobre os riscos de epidemias e alertar as autoridades públicas sobre a urgência de medidas como: desinsetizações periódicas das residências, sacrifício de animais comprovadamente infectados, tratamento das pessoas doentes e repetição de inquéritos epidemiológicos. Palavras chave: Leishmania, cão, diagnósticoVisceral Leishmanias is in the city of Valença Piauí, a health public problem ABSTRACT: Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania chagasi in Brazil. It is a disease that is decimating the canine population in rural and urban areas and has great health public importance because it is a zoonosis that has major problems and consequences for man. The emergence of human cases of visceral leishmanias is in the city of Valencia Piauí led to this investigation of the incidence of the disease in dogs. We conducted clinical and serological by Immuno Fluorescence Assay (IFA) of 190 dogs. The total reactive serum of animals, 102 were in the New Horizon neighborhood and 65 in Valencinha. 50 animals were selected with the greatest number of clinical signs, with varying antibody titer1:40 to1: 320 and the negative animals. Confirmation of the presence of Leishmania in selected animals was through the puncture and bone marrow aspirate of popliteal lymph node. The collected material was seeded in NNN culture medium enriched with Schneider's. After seeding, it is proceeded three readings every five days, and observed the presence of Leishmania promastigotes in 16 samples. The

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Leishmania Infection: Laboratory Diagnosing in the Absence of a “Gold Standard”

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Different Patterns of Fluorescence in the Quantisation of anti-Leishmania Infantum Antibodies by Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) in the Serological Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis

Different Patterns of Fluorescence in the Quantisation of anti-Leishmania Infantum Antibodies by Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) in the Serological Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis

The relevance of molecular diagnosis in a dog vaccinated against leishmaniasis

Leishmaniose visceral na cidade de Valença do Piauí: um problema de saúde pública

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