Leishmania donovani: Dynamics of L. donovani evasion of innate immune cell attack due to malnutrition in visceral leishmaniasis

Kumar, Vikash; Bimal, Sanjiva; Singh, Shubhankar Kumar; Chaudhary, Rajesh; Das, Sushmita; Lal, C S; Pandey, Krishna; Das, Vidyanand Ravi; Das, Pradeep

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.003

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although reports of raised proinflammatory cytokines in circulation have been reported in human VL and CL [42][43][44], this study indicated that in Indian VL, only levels of circulatory IL-8 were raised (Table 2) which was biologically relevant as it can delay the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils [45], allowing them to function as a temporary host for parasites prior to their entry into macrophages [45].Although, there is severe impairment of crucial host defense mechanisms, VL is usually not associated with severe co-infections, that are expected if both antigen presentation and microbial killing are profoundly impaired. This is probably due to neutrophil functions remaining unchanged which are impaired in malnourished children suffering from VL [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Defective Oxidative Burst and Impaired Antigen Presentation are Hallmarks of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Defective Oxidative Burst and Impaired Antigen Presentation are Hallmarks of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is not surprising as economic status is a principal determinant of access to healthcare and, in turn, disease outcome. Moreover, ownership of cattle might have been associated with milk consumption and better nutritional status, which could have potentially lowered the risk of mortality [22, 23]. Further, treatment at public facilities was found to be associated with lower risk of death compared to getting treated by private healthcare providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Correlates of Mortality among Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases: Findings from Situation Assessment in High Endemic Foci in India

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is highly prevalent in the Indian state of Bihar and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. However, lack of efficient reporting mechanism had been an impediment in estimating the burden of mortality and its antecedents among symptomatic VL cases. The objectives of the current study were to generate a reliable estimate of symptomatic VL caseload and mortality in Bihar, as well as to identify the epidemiologic and health infrastructure-related predictors of VL mortality.Methodology and Principal FindingsUsing an elaborate index case tracing method, we attempted to locate all symptomatic VL patients in eight districts of Bihar. Interviews and medical-record-reviews were conducted with cases (or next-of-kin for the dead) meeting the eligibility criteria. The information collected during the interviews included socio-demographic characteristics, onset of disease symptoms, place of diagnosis, pre- and post-diagnosis treatment history, type and duration of drugs received. In total, we analyzed data on 4925 VL patients—59% were male and 68% were less than 30 years old. There were 158 (3.2%) deaths and the incidence rate of mortality was 3.2/100 person-years. In the adjusted Cox-proportional-hazards analysis, treatment at public facility [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.43–0.86], shorter (≤30 days) diagnostic delay [AHR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43–0.92], and treatment completion [AHR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.02–0.05] emerged as significant negative predictors of mortality.ConclusionMortality reduction efforts in Bihar should focus on improving access to early diagnosis, quality treatment and treatment-adherence measures, with special emphasis on marginalized communities.

show abstract

“…The absence of Th1 cell-attracting chemokines in these lesions may reflect the downregulation of the expression of genes linked with Th1 trafficking, such as the ones coding for CXCR3 chemokines ( 165 ). Last but not least, it was described that Leishmania may also profit from malnutrition to impair chemokine secretion and to establish infection ( 158 , 166 ). Interestingly, differential expression of chemokines induced by distinct parasite strains leads to various infection and disease outcomes.…”

Section: Modulating the Immune Response Through Alteration Of Cytokinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deception and Manipulation: The Arms of Leishmania, a Successful Parasite

Cecílio

Pérez-Cabezas²,

Santarém

et al. 2014

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmania spp. are intracellular parasitic protozoa responsible for a group of neglected tropical diseases, endemic in 98 countries around the world, called leishmaniasis. These parasites have a complex digenetic life cycle requiring a susceptible vertebrate host and a permissive insect vector, which allow their transmission. The clinical manifestations associated with leishmaniasis depend on complex interactions between the parasite and the host immune system. Consequently, leishmaniasis can be manifested as a self-healing cutaneous affliction or a visceral pathology, being the last one fatal in 85–90% of untreated cases. As a result of a long host–parasite co-evolutionary process, Leishmania spp. developed different immunomodulatory strategies that are essential for the establishment of infection. Only through deception and manipulation of the immune system, Leishmania spp. can complete its life cycle and survive. The understanding of the mechanisms associated with immune evasion and disease progression is essential for the development of novel therapies and vaccine approaches. Here, we revise how the parasite manipulates cell death and immune responses to survive and thrive in the shadow of the immune system.

show abstract

Leishmania donovani: Dynamics of L. donovani evasion of innate immune cell attack due to malnutrition in visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

A Defective Oxidative Burst and Impaired Antigen Presentation are Hallmarks of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

A Defective Oxidative Burst and Impaired Antigen Presentation are Hallmarks of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

Epidemiologic Correlates of Mortality among Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases: Findings from Situation Assessment in High Endemic Foci in India

Deception and Manipulation: The Arms of Leishmania, a Successful Parasite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About