Leishmania colombiensis in Venezuela

Delgado, Olinda; Castes, M; Ac, White; Rd, Kreutzer

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.145

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Species of Leishmania other than L. infantum, such as L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, have previously been isolated from dogs (4,13,22,25,31), although the epidemiological significance of the dog as a reservoir host for these parasites is unclear. Mixed infections with L. braziliensis and L. infantum have also been documented (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-TesT PCR with Conventional and Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Canine Leishmania Infection

et al. 2010

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There is a need for standardization and simplification of the existing methods for molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in the canine reservoir host. The commercially available OligoC-TesT kit incorporates standardized PCR reagents with rapid oligochromatographic dipstick detection of PCR products and is highly sensitive for use in humans but not yet independently validated for use in dogs. Here we compare the sensitivity of OligoC-TesT with those of nested kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR, nested internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) PCR, and a PCR-hybridization protocol, using longitudinal naturally infected canine bone marrow samples whose parasite burdens were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The sensitivity of OligoC-TesT for infected dogs was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63 to 78%), similar to that of kDNA PCR (72%; 95% CI, 65 to 80%; P ‫؍‬ 0.69) but significantly greater than those of PCR-hybridization (61%; 95% CI, 53 to 69%; P ‫؍‬ 0.007) and ITS-1 nested PCR (54%; 95% CI, 45 to 62%; P < 0.001); real-time qPCR had the highest sensitivity (91%; 95% CI, 85 to 95%; P < 0.001). OligoC-TesT sensitivity was greater for polysymptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs than for asymptomatic dogs (93%, 74%, and 61%, respectively; P ‫؍‬ 0.005), a trend also observed for the other qualitative PCR methods tested (P < 0.05). Test positivity increased with increasing parasite burdens, as measured by real-time qPCR: OligoC-TesT and kDNA PCR detected 100% and 99% of positive samples when parasite burdens exceeded 74 and 49 parasites/ml, respectively. OligoC-TesT has high sensitivity for detection of canine Leishmania infections; its ease of operation and ease of interpretation are further advantages for veterinary diagnostic laboratories and for large-scale survey work in developing countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-TesT PCR with Conventional and Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Canine Leishmania Infection

et al. 2010

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“…The reference numbers in Table I refer to the following articles: 1) Grimaldi et al (1989); 2) Freitas et al (1989c); 3) LePont et il. (1989c); 4) Killick-Kendrick (1990b); 5) Armijos et al (1990); 6) Travi et al (1990); 7) Corredor et al (1990); 8) Lainson et al (1990a); 9) Azevedo et al (1990); 10) Kreutzer et al (1991); 11) Grimaldi et al (1991); 12) Rowton et al (1992); 13) McHugh et al (1993); 14) Johnson et al (1992); 15) Silveira et al (1991); 16) Pdrez et al (1991); 17) Delgado et al (1993); 18) Naiff et al (1991); 19) Shaw et at u1991); 20) Lainson et al (1992).…”

Section: Fig 14 Domestic Dog Showing Clinical Signs Of Infection Withunclassified

Guide to the Identification and Geographic Distribution of Lutzomyia Sand Flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera:Psychodidae)

Young¹,

Duran²

1994

713

863

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“…60,62,[63][64][65][66][67]71,79,83,86,87,98 The biting rate of sandfly vectors on dogs. There appear to be no studies that directly measure the biting rate of ACL vectors on dogs.…”

Section: Can Dogs Be Incriminated As Reservoir Hosts Of Human Acl?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

Reithinger

Davies²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

135

101

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Abstract. Originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 Latin American countries. Several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human ACL caused by Leishmania braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. peruviana. This article reviews more than 90 studies reporting ACL infections in dogs, and concludes that as yet there is only circumstantial evidence to support that claim. Almost no data are available on the infectiousness of dogs to sandfly vectors of ACL, and there are few indications that either dog ownership or dog abundance are risk factors for ACL. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that incidence of ACL in humans could be reduced by targeting infected dogs. While this control strategy has been used for many decades against ZVL in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, there is little evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness either in theory or in practice. Particular concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools, low compliance rates among dog owners, and cost-effectiveness are likely to apply equally to ACL control.The leishmaniases are a group of zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Despite their multiple etiologies, the New World leishmaniases can be divided into two broad categories: zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL).1 The latter includes localized cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Whereas ZVL is almost exclusively caused by Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum), ACL is caused by several Leishmania species, of which L. braziliensis is the most widespread. Many sandfly species have been incriminated as vectors of ACL throughout its geographic range, but reservoir hosts have only been identified for L. amazonensis, L. mexicana, L. guyanensis, and L. panamensis, and are unknown or unproven for both L. braziliensis and L. peruviana. 1 Originally associated with forested areas, 2 the transmission cycle of ACL has now adapted to the domestic environment due to deforestation and urbanization. 3,4 The transition from sylvatic to domestic transmission cycle was further encouraged by the lack of a specific leishmaniasis control strategy, and the discontinuation of intervention campaigns designed for other infectious diseases, e.g., malaria. 5,6

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Leishmania colombiensis in Venezuela

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-TesT PCR with Conventional and Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Canine Leishmania Infection

Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-TesT PCR with Conventional and Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Canine Leishmania Infection

Guide to the Identification and Geographic Distribution of Lutzomyia Sand Flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera:Psychodidae)

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

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