Leishmania and Their Vertebrate Host Cells

Cavalcante-Costa, Victor Soares; Queiroz-Oliveira, Thamires; Horta, Maria Fátima; Castro-Gomes, Thiago

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8_3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…promastigotes/amastigotes. 153 Exceptions would be NPs that can directly affect promastigote/amastigote viability. Alternatively, binding drug-loaded NPs to the parasite surface could allow the release of the loaded drug locally after the phagocytosis of the NP-parasite complex.…”

Section: Invasion Inhibition Of Other Protozoan Parasites With Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen‐binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites

Najer

2024

Smart Medicine

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Global health faces an immense burden from infectious diseases caused by viruses and intracellular protozoan parasites such as the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and malaria, respectively. These pathogens propagate through the infection of human host cells. The first stage of this host cell infection mechanism is cell attachment, which typically involves interactions between the infectious agent and surface components on the host cell membranes, specifically heparan sulfate (HS) and/or sialic acid (SA). Hence, nanoparticles (NPs) which contain or mimic HS/SA that can directly bind to the pathogen surface and inhibit cell infection are emerging as potential candidates for an alternative anti‐infection therapeutic strategy. These NPs can be prepared from metals, soft matter (lipid, polymer, and dendrimer), DNA, and carbon‐based materials among others and can be designed to include aspects of multivalency, broad‐spectrum activity, biocidal mechanisms, and multifunctionality. This review provides an overview of such anti‐pathogen nanomedicines beyond drug delivery. Nanoscale inhibitors acting against viruses and obligate intracellular protozoan parasites are discussed. In the future, the availability of broadly applicable nanotherapeutics would allow early tackling of existing and upcoming viral diseases. Invasion inhibitory NPs could also provide urgently needed effective treatments for protozoan parasitic infections.

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Section: Invasion Inhibition Of Other Protozoan Parasites With Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case for macrophage infection with Leishmania spp. promastigotes/amastigotes 153 . Exceptions would be NPs that can directly affect promastigote/amastigote viability.…”

Section: Nps To Inhibit Protozoan Parasite Invasion Of Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen‐binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites

Najer

2024

Smart Medicine

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“…At the vertebrate host interface, the inoculated metacyclic promastigotes are phagocytized by the circulatory and/or resident dermal macrophages and carried to the lymph nodes or lymphatic organs in case of CL and VL, respectively. About a week after sand fly bite, primary local immune responses are relieved and an early lesion gradually forms at the biting site [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of expression variations in virulence-related genes of Leishmania major after several culture passages compared with Phlebotomus papatasi isolated promastigotes

Haravani

Parvizi²,

Hejazi‬³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a prevalent infectious disease with considerable morbidity annually. Here, we aimed to investigate the likely variations in gene expression of glycoprotein63 (gp63), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), histone, arginase, cysteine protease B (CPB), Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK), small hydrophilic endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein (SHERP) in metacyclic promastigotes of L. major isolated from Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies and promastigotes excessively cultured in culture medium. The parasites were collected from suspected CL cases in Pasteur Institute of Iran, cultured and inoculated into the female BALB/c mice (2×106 promastigotes). Sand flies were trapped in Qom province, fed with the blood of euthanized infected mice and subsequently dissected in order to isolate the midgut including stomodeal valve. The metacyclic promastigotes were isolated from Ph. papatasi (Pro-Ppap) using peanut agglutinin test (PNA), then continuously cultured in RPMI-1640 medium enriched with fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 mg/ml) to reach stationary phase (Pro-Stat). The gene expression was evaluated in both parasitic stages (Pro-Ppap and Pro-Stat) using qRT-PCR. Out results showed a significant increased gene expression at Pro-Ppap stage for gp63 (P = 0.002), SHERP (P = 0.001) and histone (P = 0.026) genes, in comparison with Pro-Stat stage. Noticeably, significant changes were, also, demonstrated in 10th to 15th passages [gp63 (P = 0.041), arginase (P = 0.016), LACK (P = 0.025)] and in 5th to 20th passage (SHERP) (P = 0.029). In conclusion, the findings of the present study seem to be essential in designing Leishmania studies, in particular regarding host-parasite interaction, immunization and infectivity studies.

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Antileishmanial Screening, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: A Special Focus on Piper callosum Essential Oil

Garcia

Amaral

María

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by the emergence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcerated lesions that can evolve into severe destruction of skin tissue. Treatment of the disease is often accompanied by high toxicity and variable efficacy. Essential oils stand out for having diverse pharmacological properties. Here, we screened a panel of fourteen essential oils for their anti-L. amazonensis activity, cytotoxicity, and chemical profile. Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Piper callosum (PCEO) oils displayed the best anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activities with IC 50 of 31 and 21 μg/ml, respectively. PCEO was the safest oil with a desirable selectivity index > 10. In addition, PCEO showed no cytotoxicity against the VERO line and erythrocytes. PCEO-treated amastigotes displayed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and high levels of intracellular ROS. Safrole (54.72 %) was the main component of PCEO. The results described here highlight the use of essential oils to combat tegumentary leishmaniasis.

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Leishmania and Their Vertebrate Host Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Pathogen‐binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites

Pathogen‐binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites

Evaluation of expression variations in virulence-related genes of Leishmania major after several culture passages compared with Phlebotomus papatasi isolated promastigotes

Antileishmanial Screening, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: A Special Focus on Piper callosum Essential Oil

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