Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: Radical surgery and vascular reconstruction

Abstract

Background: Vascular leiomyosarcoma are rare tumors typically originating from the inferior vena cava (IVC). Due to nonspecific clinical signs most tumors are diagnosed at advanced stages. Complete surgical resection remains the only potential curative therapeutic option. Surgical strategy is particularly influenced by the level of the IVC affected. Due to the topographic relation to the renal veins level-II involvement of the IVC raises special surgical challenges with respect to the maintenance of venous outflow.

A Rare Retroperitoneal Mass: Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava

“…Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare soft tissue tumor, mesenchymal in origin that arises from smooth muscles of tunica media; it accounts for about 0.5% of all soft tissue sarcomas [1], and it is the commonest vascular leiomyosarcoma [2].…”

“…Reconstruction of the IVC is not always required, because gradual occlusion of the IVC allows the development of venous collaterals. However, when pararenal leiomyosarcoma of the IVC is present, reconstruction of the IVC and the renal vein are necessary to prevent transient or permanent renal dysfunction [1].…”

Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation — case report

“…However, some tumors may also present with more distinct signs such as an abdominal mass, deep venous thrombosis due to IVC occlusion, or less commonly as an acute Budd-Chiari syndrome [11]. Symptoms can vary according to the level of IVC invasion: lower segment includes the area below the renal veins (34%), middle segment consists of the area between the renal and hepatic veins (42%) and upper segment that extends from the entry of the hepatic veins up to the right atrium (24%) [3,12]. Those tumors that arise in the lower segment cause rightlower quadrant abdominal pain, back pain and lower extremities edema [13].…”

Leiomyosarcoma of Intrahepatic IVC - Treatment with Radical Resection and IVC Replacement with PTFE Graft: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…Primary vascular leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor of mesenchymal origin and arises from the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media predominantly within the inferior vena cava [1,2]. Extraluminal tumor growth along the adventitia of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) seems to be the common presentation [1,3].…”

“…Extraluminal tumor growth along the adventitia of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) seems to be the common presentation [1,3]. Intraluminal tumor growth is rarely found.…”