Leigh Map: a novel diagnostic resource for mitochondrial disease

Rahman, Joyeeta; Noronha, Alberto; Thiele, Ines; Rahman, Sofia

doi:10.1016/s0960-8966(17)30274-2

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Typical MRI abnormalities include symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia or brainstem. This syndrome is not associated with mutations in a single gene, but is caused by many different gene defects; currently there are 178 genes associated with Leigh syndrome in the Leigh Map (available at vmh.uni.lu/#leighmap) (16). Table 4 summarizes the diagnostic methods required for identification of IEMs presenting with PIND.…”

Section: Literature Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Causing Progressive Intellectual and Neurologic Deterioration (PIND)

et al. 2020

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Background: Progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration (PIND) is a rare but severe childhood disorder characterized by loss of intellectual or developmental abilities, and requires quick diagnosis to ensure timely treatment to prevent possible irreversible neurological damage. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) constitute a group of more than 1,000 monogenic conditions in which the impairment of a biochemical pathway is intrinsic to the pathophysiology of the disease, resulting in either accumulation of toxic metabolites and/or shortage of energy and building blocks for the cells. Many IEMs are amenable to treatment with the potential to improve outcomes. With this literature review we aim to create an overview of IEMs presenting with PIND in children, to aid clinicians in accelerating the diagnostic process. Methods:We performed a PubMed search on IEMs presenting with PIND in individuals aged 0-18 years. We applied stringent selection criteria and subsequently derived information on encoding genes, pathways, clinical and biochemical signs and diagnostic tests from IEMbase (www.iembase.org) and other sources.Results: The PubMed search resulted in a total of 2,152 articles and a review of references added another 19 articles. After applying our selection criteria, a total of 85 IEMs presenting with PIND remained, of which 57 IEMs were reported in multiple unrelated cases and 28 in single families. For 44 IEMs (52%) diagnosis can be achieved through generally accessible metabolic blood and urine screening tests; the remainder requires enzymatic and/or genetic testing. Treatment targeting the underlying pathophysiology is available for 35 IEMs (41%). All treatment strategies are reported to achieve stabilization of deterioration, and a subset improved seizure control and/or neurodevelopment. Conclusions:We present the first comprehensive overview of IEMs presenting with PIND, and provide a structured approach to diagnosis and overview of treatability. Clearly IEMs constitute the largest group of genetic PIND conditions and have the advantage of Warmerdam et al.IEMs Causing PIND detectable biomarkers as well as amenability to treatment. Thus, the clinician should keep IEMs at the forefront of the diagnostic workup of a child with PIND. With the ongoing discovery of new IEMs, expanded phenotypes, and novel treatment strategies, continuous updates to this work will be required.

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Section: Literature Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%